Large-scale Ising emulation with four body interaction and all-to-all connections

Kumar, Santosh; Zhang, He; Huang, Yu-Ping

doi:10.1038/s42005-020-0376-5

Superconducting qubits provide a promising approach to large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computing. However, qubit connectivity on a planar surface is typically restricted to only a few neighboring qubits. Achieving longer-range and more flexible connectivity, which is particularly appealing in light of recent developments in error-correcting codes, however, usually involves complex multilayer packaging and external cabling, which is resource intensive and can impose fidelity limitations. Here, we propose and realize a high-speed on-chip quantum processor that supports reconfigurable all-to-all coupling with a large on-off ratio. We implement the design in a four-node quantum processor, built with a modular design comprising a wiring substrate coupled to two separate qubit-bearing substrates, each including two single-qubit nodes. We use this device to demonstrate reconfigurable controlled-

Z

gates across all qubit pairs, with a benchmarked average fidelity of

96.00 % \pm 0.08 %

and best fidelity of

97.14 % \pm 0.07 %

, limited mainly by dephasing in the qubits. We also generate multiqubit entanglement, distributed across the separate modules, demonstrating GHZ-3 and GHZ-4 states with fidelities of

88.15 % \pm 0.24 %

and

75.18 % \pm 0.11 %

, respectively. This approach promises efficient scaling to larger-scale quantum circuits and offers a pathway for implementing quantum algorithms and error-correction schemes that benefit from enhanced qubit connectivity. Published by the American Physical Society2024

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