Vernal ponds are ephemeral landscape features that experience intermittent flooding and drying, leading to variable saturation in underlying soils. Redox potential (Eh) is an important indicator of biogeochemical processes that changes in response to these hydrological shifts; however, high-resolution measurements of Ehin variably inundated environments remain sparse. In this study, the responses of soil Ehto ponding, drying, and rewetting of a vernal pond were investigated over a 5-month period from late spring through early autumn. Soil Ehwas measured at 10-min frequencies and at multiple soil depths (2–48 cm below the soil surface) in shallow and deep sections within the seasonally ponded lowland and in unsaturated soils of the surrounding upland. Over the study period, average Ehin surface soils (0–8 cm) was oxidizing in the upland (753 ± 79 mV) but relatively reducing in the shallow lowland (369 ± 49 mV) and deep lowland (198 ± 37 mV). Reducing conditions (Eh<300 mV) in surface soils prevailed for up to 6 days in the shallow lowland and up to 24 days in the deep lowland after surface water dried out. Intermittent reflooding resulted in multiple shifts between reducing and oxidizing conditions in the shallow lowland while the deep lowland remained reducing following reflooding. Soil Ehin the uplands was consistently oxidizing over the study period with transient increases in response to rain events. Reducing conditions in the lowland resulted in greater Fe-oxide dissolution and release of dissolved Fe and P into porewater than in the surrounding uplands. We determined that change in water depth alone was not a good indicator of soil Eh, and additional factors such as soil saturation and clay composition should be considered when predicting how Ehresponds to surface flooding and drying. These findings highlight the spatial and temporal variability of Ehwithin ponds and have implications for how soil processes and ecosystem function are impacted by shifts in hydrology at terrestrial-aquatic interfaces.
- Award ID(s):
- 1831842
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10187663
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Soil Systems
- Volume:
- 3
- Issue:
- 3
- ISSN:
- 2571-8789
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 60
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems3030060
