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Abstract Orographically‐locked diurnal convection involves interactions between local circulation and the thermodynamic environment of convection. Here, the relationships of convective updraft structures over orographic precipitation hotspots and their upstream environment in the TaiwanVVM large‐eddy simulations are analyzed for the occurrence of the orographic locking features. Strong convective updraft columns within heavily precipitating, organized systems exhibit a mass flux profile gradually increasing with height through a deep lower‐tropospheric inflow layer. Enhanced convective development is associated with higher upstream moist static energy (MSE) transport through this deep‐inflow layer via local circulation, augmenting the rain rate by 36% in precipitation hotspots. The simulations provide practical guidance for targeted observations within the most common deep‐inflow path. Preliminary field measurements support the presence of high MSE transport within the deep‐inflow layer when organized convection occurs at the hotspot. Orographically‐locked convection facilitate both modeling and field campaign design to examine the general properties of active deep convection.
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Evaluating the Effective Inflow Layer of Simulated Supercell Updrafts
Abstract Proper prediction of the inflow layer of deep convective storms is critical for understanding their potential updraft properties and likelihood of producing severe weather. In this study, an existing forecast metric known as the effective inflow layer (EIL) is evaluated with an emphasis on its performance for supercell thunderstorms, where both buoyancy and dynamic pressure accelerations are common. A total of 15 idealized simulations with a range of realistic base states are performed. Using an array of passive fluid tracers initialized at various vertical levels, the proportion of simulated updraft core air originating from the EIL is determined. Results suggest that the EIL metric performs well in forecasting peak updraft origin height, particularly for supercell updrafts. Moreover, the EIL metric displays consistent skill across a range of updraft core definitions. The EIL has a tendency to perform better as convective available potential energy, deep-layer shear, and EIL depth are increased in the near-storm environment. Modifications to further constrain the EIL based on the most-unstable parcel height or storm-relative flow may lead to marginal improvements for the most stringent updraft core definitions. Finally, effects of the near-storm environment on low-level and peak updraft forcing and intensity are discussed.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1928319
- PAR ID:
- 10188819
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Monthly Weather Review
- Volume:
- 148
- Issue:
- 8
- ISSN:
- 0027-0644
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 3507 to 3532
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-20-0013.1
