Low-dimensional node embeddings play a key role in analyzing graph datasets. However, little work studies exactly what information is encoded by popular embedding methods, and how this information correlates with performance in downstream machine learning tasks. We tackle this question by studying whether embeddings can be inverted to (approximately) recover the graph used to generate them. Focusing on a variant of the popular DeepWalk method (Perozzi et al., 2014; Qiu et al., 2018), we present algorithms for accurate embedding inversion - i.e., from the low-dimensional embedding of a graph G, we can find a graph H with a very similar embedding. We perform numerous experiments on real-world networks, observing that significant information about G, such as specific edges and bulk properties like triangle density, is often lost in H. However, community structure is often preserved or even enhanced. Our findings are a step towards a more rigorous understanding of exactly what information embeddings encode about the input graph, and why this information is useful for learning tasks.
Representing Joint Hierarchies with Box Embeddings
Learning representations for hierarchical and multi-relational knowledge has emerged as an active area of research. Box Embeddings [Vilnis et al., 2018, Li et al., 2019] represent concepts with hyperrectangles in -dimensional space and are shown to be capable of modeling tree-like structures efficiently by training on a large subset of the transitive closure of the WordNet hypernym graph. In this work, we evaluate the capability of box embeddings to learn the transitive closure of a tree-like hierarchical relation graph with far fewer edges from the transitive closure. Box embeddings are not restricted to tree-like structures, however, and we demonstrate this by modeling the WordNet meronym graph, where nodes may have multiple parents. We further propose a method for modeling multiple relations jointly in a single embedding space using box embeddings. In all cases, our proposed method outperforms or is at par with all other embedding methods.
- Award ID(s):
- 1763618
- Publication Date:
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10188900
- Journal Name:
- Automated Knowledge Base Construction
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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