Inorganic halide perovskites (IHPs) have recently attracted huge attention in the field of optoelectronics. IHPs are generally expected to exhibit superior chemical stability over the prevailing hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites that are widely used in optoelectronic devices such as solar cells and light-emitting devices. This is primarily owing to the elimination of weakly-bonded organic components in the IHP crystal structure. Nevertheless, many recent studies have revealed that IHPs still suffer significant issues in chemical instability, and thus, a lot of effort has been made towards the stabilization of IHPs for high-performance devices. In this context, a great deal of interest in the chemistry and perovskite community has been emerging to understand the chemical (in)stability of IHPs and develop engineering strategies for making more robust perovskite devices. This review will summarize the past research progress in this direction, give insights into the IHP (in)stability, and provide perspectives for the future effort in making stable IHP materials and devices.
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Two-dimensional halide perovskites featuring semiconducting organic building blocks
Two-dimensional (2D) organic–inorganic hybrid halide perovskites exhibit unique properties, such as long charge carrier lifetimes, high photoluminescence quantum efficiencies, and great tolerance to defects. Over the last several decades tremendous progress has occurred in the development of 2D layered halide perovskite semiconductor materials and devices. Chemical functionalization of 2D halide perovskites is an effective approach for tuning their electronic properties. A large amount of effort has been made in compositional engineering of the cations and anions in the perovskite lattice. However, few efforts have incorporated rationally designed semiconducting organic moieties into these systems to alter the overall chemical and optoelectronic properties of 2D perovskites. In fact, incorporation of large conjugated organic groups in the spatially confined inorganic perovskite matrix was found to be challenging, and this synthetic challenge hinders a deeper understanding of the materials’ structure–property relationships. Recently, exciting progress has been made regarding the molecular design, optical characterization, and device fabrication of novel 2D halide perovskite materials that incorporate functional organic semiconducting building blocks. In this article, we provide a timely review regarding this recent progress. Moreover, we discuss successes and current challenges regarding the synthesis, characterization, and device applications of such hybrid materials and provide a perspective on the true future promise of these advanced nanomaterials.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1939986
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10191193
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Materials Chemistry Frontiers
- ISSN:
- 2052-1537
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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Abstract X‐ray microscopy can provide unique chemical, electronic, and structural insights into perovskite materials and devices leveraging bright, tunable synchrotron X‐ray sources. Over the last decade, fundamental understanding of halide perovskites and their impressive performance in optoelectronic devices has been furthered by rigorous research regarding their structural and chemical properties. Herein, studies of perovskites are reviewed that have used X‐ray imaging, spectroscopy, and scattering microscopies that have proven valuable tools toward understanding the role of defects, impurities, and processing on perovskite material properties and device performance. Together these microscopic investigations have augmented the understanding of the internal workings of perovskites and have helped to steer the perovskite community toward promising directions. In many ways, X‐ray microscopy of perovskites is still in its infancy, which leaves many exciting paths unexplored including new ptychographic, multimodal, in situ, and operando experiments. To explore possibilities, pioneering X‐ray microscopy along these lines is briefly highlighted from other semiconductor systems including silicon, CdTe, GaAs, CuIn
x Ga1−x Se2, and organic photovoltaics. An overview is provided on the progress made in utilizing X‐ray microscopy for perovskites and present opportunities and challenges for future work. -
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Abstract Halide perovskites have attracted great interest as promising next‐generation materials in optoelectronics, ranging from solar cells to light‐emitting diodes. Despite their exceptional optoelectronic properties and low cost, the prototypical organic–inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites suffer from toxicity and low stability. Therefore, it is of high demand to search for stable and nontoxic alternatives to the hybrid lead halide perovskites. Recently, high‐throughput computational materials design has emerged as a powerful approach to accelerate the discovery of new halide perovskite compositions or even novel compounds beyond perovskites. In this review, we discuss how this approach discovers halide perovskites and beyond for optoelectronics. We first overview the background of halide perovskites and methodologies in high‐throughput computational design. Then, we focus on materials properties for different optoelectronic applications, and how they are assessed with materials descriptors. Finally, we review different studies in terms of specific materials types to discuss their design principles, screening results, and experimental verification.
This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory
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Two‐Dimensional Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites: A New Platform for Optoelectronic Applicationsmore » « less
Abstract 2D perovskites are recently attracting a significant amount of attention, mainly due to their improved stability compared with their 3D counterpart, e.g., the archetypical MAPbI3. Interestingly, the first studies on 2D perovskites can be dated back to the 1980s. The most popular 2D perovskites have a general formula of (RNH3)2MA
n −1Mn X3n +1, wheren represents the number of metal halide octahedrons between the insulating organic cation layers. The optoelectronic properties of 2D perovskites, e.g., band gap, are highly dependent on the thickness of the inorganic layers (i.e., the value ofn ). Herein, 2D perovskites are arbitrarily divided into three classes, strict 2D (n = 1), quasi‐2D (n = 2–5), and quasi‐3D (n > 5), and research progress is summarized following this classification. The majority of existing 2D perovskites only employ very simple organic cations (e.g., butyl ammonium or phenylethyl ammonium), which merely function as the supporting layer/insulating barrier to achieve the 2D structure. Thus, a particularly important research question is: can functional organic cations be designed for these 2D perovskites, where these functional organic cations would play an important role in dictating the optoelectronic properties of these organic–inorganic hybrid materials, leading to unique device performance or applications? -
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Abstract Three‐dimensional (3D) organic–inorganic metal halide perovskite materials possess great potential applications for approaching efficient optoelectronics due to the unique optoelectronic properties of perovskite materials and cost‐effective manufacturing possibilities of optoelectronics. However, the scientific and technical challenges of 3D perovskite materials were their inferior long‐term stability, which hampered their practical applications. The low‐dimensional perovskite materials composed of alternating organic and inorganic layers are one of the most credible paths toward stable perovskite photovoltaics and optoelectronics. In this short review, we first present a discussion of the crystal structure and nontrivial optoelectronic properties of the low‐dimensional halide perovskites. The synthetic methods for the preparation of the low‐dimensional halide perovskites are reviewed. After that, we focus on the recent development of perovskite photovoltaics, light‐emitting diodes, and lasers by the low‐dimensional halide perovskites. Finally, we outline the challenges of the low‐dimensional halide perovskites and their applications.
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1039/d0qm00233j
