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1. Synthesis, Elasticity, and Spin State of an Intermediate MgSiO 3 ‐FeAlO 3 Bridgmanite: Implications for Iron in Earth's Lower Mantle

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JB019964  

   Zhu, Feng ; Liu, Jiachao ; Lai, Xiaojing ; Xiao, Yuming ; Prakapenka, Vitali ; Bi, Wenli ; Alp, E. Ercan ; Dera, Przemyslaw ; Chen, Bin ; Li, Jie ( July 2020 , Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth)

   Fe‐Al‐bearing bridgmanite may be the dominant host for ferric iron in Earth's lower mantle. Here we report the synthesis of (Mg_0.5Fe³⁺_0.5)(Al_0.5Si_0.5)O₃bridgmanite (FA50) with the highest Fe³⁺‐Al³⁺coupled substitution known to date. X‐ray diffraction measurements showed that at ambient conditions, the FA50 adopted the LiNbO₃structure. Upon compression at room temperature to 18 GPa, it transformed back into the bridgmanite structure, which remained stable up to 102 GPa and 2,600 K. Fitting Birch‐Murnaghan equation of state of FA50 bridgmanite yieldsV₀ = 172.1(4) ų,K₀ = 229(4) GPa withK₀′ = 4(fixed). The calculated bulk sound velocity of the FA50 bridgmanite is ~7.7% lower than MgSiO₃bridgmanite, mainly because the presence of ferric iron increases the unit‐cell mass by 15.5%. This difference likely represents the upper limit of sound velocity anomaly introduced by Fe³⁺‐Al³⁺substitution. X‐ray emission and synchrotron Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements showed that after laser annealing, ~6% of Fe³⁺cations exchanged with Al³⁺and underwent the high‐ to low‐spin transition at 59 GPa. The low‐spin proportion of Fe³⁺increased gradually with pressure and reached 17–31% at 80 GPa. Since the cation exchange and spin transition in this Fe³⁺‐Al³⁺‐enriched bridgmanite do not cause resolvable unit‐cell volume reduction, and the increase of low‐spin Fe³⁺fraction with pressure occurs gradually, the spin transition would not produce a distinct seismic signature in the lower mantle. However, it may influence iron partitioning and isotopic fractionation, thus introducing chemical heterogeneity in the lower mantle.

    

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2. Magnetic field-temperature phase diagram of multiferroic (NH4)2FeCl5·H2O

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s41535-019-0180-1  

   Clune, Amanda J. ; Nam, Jisoo ; Lee, Minseong ; Hughey, Kendall D. ; Tian, Wei ; Fernandez-Baca, Jaime A. ; Fishman, Randy S. ; Singleton, John ; Lee, Jun Hee ; Musfeldt, Janice L. ( August 2019 , npj Quantum Materials)

   Owing to their overall low energy scales, flexible molecular architectures, and ease of chemical substitution, molecule-based multiferroics are extraordinarily responsive to external stimuli and exhibit remarkably rich phase diagrams. Even so, the stability and microscopic properties of various magnetic states in close proximity to quantum critical points are highly under-explored in these materials. Inspired by these opportunities, we combined pulsed-field magnetization, first-principles calculations, and numerical simulations to reveal the magnetic field–temperature (B–T) phase diagram of multiferroic (NH₄)₂FeCl₅⋅H₂O. In this system, a network of intermolecular hydrogen and halogen bonds creates a competing set of exchange interactions that generates additional structure in the phase diagram—both in the vicinity of the spin flop and near the 30 T transition to the fully saturated state. Consequently, the phase diagrams of (NH₄)₂FeCl₅⋅H₂O and its deuterated analog are much more complex than those of other molecule-based multiferroics. The entire series of coupled electric and magnetic transitions can be accessed with a powered magnet, opening the door to exploration and control of properties in this and related materials.

    

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3. Real-time prediction of 1 H and 13 C chemical shifts with DFT accuracy using a 3D graph neural network

   https://doi.org/10.1039/d1sc03343c  

   Guan, Yanfei ; Shree Sowndarya, S. V. ; Gallegos, Liliana C. ; St. John, Peter C. ; Paton, Robert S. ( September 2021 , Chemical Science)

   Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is one of the primary techniques used to elucidate the chemical structure, bonding, stereochemistry, and conformation of organic compounds. The distinct chemical shifts in an NMR spectrum depend upon each atom's local chemical environment and are influenced by both through-bond and through-space interactions with other atoms and functional groups. The in silico prediction of NMR chemical shifts using quantum mechanical (QM) calculations is now commonplace in aiding organic structural assignment since spectra can be computed for several candidate structures and then compared with experimental values to find the best possible match. However, the computational demands of calculating multiple structural- and stereo-isomers, each of which may typically exist as an ensemble of rapidly-interconverting conformations, are expensive. Additionally, the QM predictions themselves may lack sufficient accuracy to identify a correct structure. In this work, we address both of these shortcomings by developing a rapid machine learning (ML) protocol to predict 1 H and 13 C chemical shifts through an efficient graph neural network (GNN) using 3D structures as input. Transfer learning with experimental data is used to improve the final prediction accuracy of a model trained using QM calculations. When tested on the CHESHIRE dataset, the proposed model predicts observed 13 C chemical shifts with comparable accuracy to the best-performing DFT functionals (1.5 ppm) in around 1/6000 of the CPU time. An automated prediction webserver and graphical interface are accessible online at http://nova.chem.colostate.edu/cascade/. We further demonstrate the model in three applications: first, we use the model to decide the correct organic structure from candidates through experimental spectra, including complex stereoisomers; second, we automatically detect and revise incorrect chemical shift assignments in a popular NMR database, the NMRShiftDB; and third, we use NMR chemical shifts as descriptors for determination of the sites of electrophilic aromatic substitution. 

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4. Tuning Magnetic and Transport Properties in Quasi-2D (Mn1−xNix)2P2S6 Single Crystals

   https://doi.org/10.3390/electronicmat2030020  

   Shemerliuk, Yuliia ; Zhou, Yonghui ; Yang, Zhaorong ; Cao, Gang ; Wolter, Anja U. ; Büchner, Bernd ; Aswartham, Saicharan ( September 2021 , Electronic Materials)

   null (Ed.)

   We report an optimized chemical vapor transport method to grow single crystals of (Mn1−xNix)2P2S6 where x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1. Single crystals up to 4 mm × 3 mm × 200 μm were obtained by this method. As-grown crystals are characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction measurements. The structural characterization shows that all crystals crystallize in monoclinic symmetry with the space group C2/m (No. 12). We have further investigated the magnetic properties of this series of single crystals. The magnetic measurements of the all as-grown single crystals show long-range antiferromagnetic order along all principal crystallographic axes. Overall, the Néel temperature TN is non-monotonous; with increasing Ni2+ doping, the temperature of the antiferromagnetic phase transition first decreases from 80 K for pristine Mn2P2S6 (x = 0) up to x = 0.5 and then increases again to 155 K for pure Ni2P2S6 (x = 1). The magnetic anisotropy switches from out-of-plane to in-plane as a function of composition in (Mn1−xNix)2P2S6 series. Transport studies under hydrostatic pressure on the parent compound Mn2P2S6 evidence an insulator-metal transition at an applied critical pressure of ~22 GPa. 

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5. Theoretical and Experimental Insights Into Effects of Zn doping on Magnetic and Magnetocaloric Properties of MnCoGe

   https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c02294  

   Wang, YiXu ; Yannello, Vincent ; Graterol, Jacnel ; Zhang, Hu ; Long, Yi ; Shatruk, Michael ( July 2020 , Chemistry of Materials)

   MnCoGe-based materials have the potential to exhibit giant magnetocaloric effects due to coupling between magnetic ordering and a martensitic phase transition. Such coupling can be realized by matching the temperatures of the magnetic and structural phase transitions. To understand the site preference of different elements and the effect of hole or electron doping on the stability of different polymorphs of MnCoGe, crystal orbital Hamilton population (COHP) analysis has been employed for the first time to evaluate peculiarities of chemical bonding in this material. The shortest Mn–Mn bond in the structure is found to be pivotal to the observed ferromagnetic behavior and structural stability of hexagonal MnCoGe. Based on this insight, eliminating anti-bonding features of the shortest Mn-Mn bond at the Fermi energy is proposed as a feasible way to stabilize the hexagonal polymorph, which is then realized experimentally by substitution of Zn for Ge. The hexagonal MnCoGe structure is stabilized due to depopulation of the anti-bonding states and strengthening of the Mn–Mn bonding. This change in chemical bonding leads to anisotropic evolution of lattice parameters. The structural and magnetic properties of Zn-doped MnCoGe have been elucidated by synchrotron X-ray diffraction and magnetic measurements, respectively. 

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