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A Late-time Radio Survey of Short Gamma-ray Bursts at z < 0.5: New Constraints on the Remnants of Neutron-star Mergers
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The current standard model of cosmology successfully describes a variety of measurements, but the nature of its main ingredients, dark matter and dark energy, remains unknown.Euclidis a medium-class mission in the Cosmic Vision 2015–2025 programme of the European Space Agency (ESA) that will provide high-resolution optical imaging, as well as near-infrared imaging and spectroscopy, over about 14 000 deg2of extragalactic sky. In addition to accurate weak lensing and clustering measurements that probe structure formation over half of the age of the Universe, its primary probes for cosmology, these exquisite data will enable a wide range of science. This paper provides a high-level overview of the mission, summarising the survey characteristics, the various data-processing steps, and data products. We also highlight the main science objectives and expected performance.more » « less
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ABSTRACT In child sexual abuse trials, attorneys often use demonstrative anaphors, such asit,that,this,these, andthose, to refer to children's earlier statements, questions, or portions of them. For example, after a child says, “He left the room,” an attorney may ask, “What happened after that?” Here,thatis an anaphor referring to the multi‐word statement “He left the room.” To answer such questions, children must identify the intended referent and retrieve the relevant information, increasing cognitive load and potentially leading to brief responses or misunderstanding. We examined how the anaphorsit, that, this, these, andthoseshaped responses from 5‐ to 10‐year‐old children in 40 trial testimonies comprising 12,314 question–answer (Q–A) pairs. Prosecuting and defense attorneys frequently used anaphora, appearing in 30% of Q–A pairs. When anaphors replaced multi‐word or compound referents rather than single‐word referents, children's elaboration decreased. Contrary to expectations and prior studies, children elaborated more when a Q–A pair contained multiple anaphors. Elaboration and misunderstanding also increased when children, rather than attorneys, first introduced an anaphor. We conclude that those questioning children about sexual abuse should avoid using anaphora for multi‐word or compound referents and promptly clarify any anaphoric referent to reduce misunderstanding or incomprehension.more » « less
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Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abb407
