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1. Joint Drone Association and Content Placement in Cache-Enabled Internet of Drones

   https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOBECOM38437.2019.9013274  

   Yao, Jingjing; Ansari, Nirwan (December 2019, 2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM))

   Internet of drones (IoD), employing drones as the internet of things (IoT) devices, brings flexibility to IoT networks and has been used to provision several applications (e.g., object tracking and traffic surveillance). The explosive growth of users and IoD applications injects massive traffic into IoD networks, hence causing congestions and reducing the quality of service (QoS). In order to improve the QoS, caching at IoD gateways is a promising solution which stores popular IoD data and sends them directly to the users instead of activating drones to transmit the data; this reduces the traffic in IoD networks. In order to fully utilize the storage-limited caches, appropriate content placement decisions should be made to determine which data should be cached. On the other hand, appropriate drone association strategies, which determine the serving IoD gateway for each drone, help distribute the network traffic properly and hence improve the QoS. In our work, we consider a joint optimization of drone association and content placement problem aimed at maximizing the average data transfer rate. This problem is formulated as an integer linear programming (ILP) problem. We then design the Drone Association and Content Placement (DACP) algorithm to solve this problem with low computational complexity. Extensive simulations demonstrate the performance of DACP. 

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2. Is my sensor sleeping, hibernating, or broken?: A data-driven monitoring system for indoor energy harvesting sensors

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3408308.3427625  

   Wang, Alan; Su, Jianyu; Heydarian, Arsalan; Campbell, Bradford; Beling, Peter (November 2020, BuildSys '20: Proceedings of the 7th ACM International Conference on)

   null (Ed.)

   As the number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices continues to increase, energy-harvesting (EH) devices eliminate the need to replace batteries or find outlets for sensors in indoor environments. This comes at a cost, however, as these energy-harvesting devices introduce new failure modes not present in traditional IoT devices: extended periods of no harvestable energy cause them to go dormant, their often simple wireless protocols are unreliable, and their limited energy reserves prohibit many diagnostic features. While energy-harvesting sensors promise easy-to-setup and maintenance-free deployments, their limitations hinder robust, long-term data collection. To continuously monitor and maintain a network of energy-harvesting devices in buildings, we propose the EH-HouseKeeper. EH-HouseKeeper is a data-driven system that monitors EH device compliance and predicts healthy signal zones in a building based on the existing gateway location(s) and building profile for easier device maintenance. EH-HouseKeeper does this by first filtering excess event-triggered data points and applying representation learning on building features that describe the path between the gateways and the device. We assessed EH-HouseKeeper by deploying 125 energy-harvesting sensors of varying types in a 17,000 square foot research infrastructure, randomly masking a quarter of the sensors as the test set for validation. The results of our 6-month data-collection period demonstrate an average greater than 80% accuracy in predicting the health status of the subset. Our results validate techniques for assessing sensor health status across device types, for inferring gateway status, and approaches to assist in identifying between gateway, transmission, and sensor faults. 

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3. Bring Trust to Edge: Secure and Decentralized IoT Framework with BFT and Permissioned Blockchain

   https://doi.org/10.1109/EDGE55608.2022.00025  

   Wu, Yusen; Liao, Jinghui; Nguyen, Phuong; Shi, Weisong; Yesha, Yelena (July 2022, 2022 IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing and Communications (EDGE))

   While our society accelerates its transition to the Internet of Things, billions of IoT devices are now linked to the network. While these gadgets provide enormous convenience, they generate a large amount of data that has already beyond the network’s capacity. To make matters worse, the data acquired by sensors on such IoT devices also include sensitive user data that must be appropriately treated. At the moment, the answer is to provide hub services for data storage in data centers. However, when data is housed in a centralized data center, data owners lose control of the data, since data centers are centralized solutions that rely on data owners’ faith in the service provider. In addition, edge computing enables edge devices to collect, analyze, and act closer to the data source, the challenge of data privacy near the edge is also a tough nut to crack. A large number of user information leakage both for IoT hub and edge made the system untrusted all along. Accordingly, building a decentralized IoT system near the edge and bringing real trust to the edge is indispensable and significant. To eliminate the need for a centralized data hub, we present a prototype of a unique, secure, and decentralized IoT framework called Reja, which is built on a permissioned Blockchain and an intrusion-tolerant messaging system ChiosEdge, and the critical components of ChiosEdge are reliable broadcast and BFT consensus. We evaluated the latency and throughput of Reja and its sub-module ChiosEdge. 

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4. Checkpointing and Migration of IoT Edge Functions

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3301418.3313947  

   Karhula, Pekka; Janak, Jan; Schulzrinne, Henning (January 2019, 2nd International Workshop on Edge Systems, Analytics and Networking)

   The serverless and functions as a service (FaaS) paradigms are currently trending among cloud providers and are now increasingly being applied to the network edge, and to the Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The benefits include reduced latency for communication, less network traffic and increased privacy for data processing. However, there are challenges as IoT devices have limited resources for running multiple simultaneous containerized functions, and also FaaS does not typically support long-running functions. Our implementation utilizes Docker and CRIU for checkpointing and suspending long-running blocking functions. The results show that checkpointing is slightly slower than regular Docker pause, but it saves memory and allows for more long-running functions to be run on an IoT device. Furthermore, the resulting checkpoint files are small, hence they are suitable for live migration and backing up stateful functions, therefore improving availability and reliability of the system. 

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5. Low-Energy and CPA-Resistant Adiabatic CMOS/MTJ Logic for IoT Devices

   https://doi.org/10.1109/ISVLSI51109.2021.00064  

   Kahleifeh, Zachary; Thapliyal, Himanshu (July 2021, 2021 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI (ISVLSI))

   The tremendous growth in the number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has increased focus on the energy efficiency and security of an IoT device. In this paper, we will present a design level, non-volatile adiabatic architecture for low-energy and Correlation Power Analysis (CPA) resistant IoT devices. IoT devices constructed with CMOS integrated circuits suffer from high dynamic energy and leakage power. To solve this, we look at both adiabatic logic and STT-MTJs (Spin Transfer Torque Magnetic Tunnel Junctions) to reduce both dynamic energy and leakage power. Furthermore, CMOS integrated circuits suffer from side-channel leakage making them insecure against power analysis attacks. We again look to adiabatic logic to design secure circuits with uniform power consumption, thus, defending against power analysis attacks. We have developed a hybrid adiabatic-MTJ architecture using two-phase adiabatic logic. We show that hybrid adiabatic-MTJ circuits are both low energy and secure when compared with CMOS circuits. As a case study, we have constructed one round of PRESENT and have shown energy savings of 64.29% at a frequency of 25 MHz. Furthermore, we have performed a correlation power analysis attack on our proposed design and determined that the key was kept hidden. 

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