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1. Expedition 370 Scientific Prospectus: T-Limit of the Deep Biosphere off Muroto (T-Limit)

   https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.sp.370.2016  

   Hinrichs, K.-U.; Inagaki, F.; Heuer, V.B.; Kinoshita, M.; Morono, Y.; Kubo, Y. (May 2016, Scientific prospectus)

   null (Ed.)

   Determining factors that limit the biomass, diversity, and activity of subseafloor microbial communities is one of the major scientific goals to be addressed by scientific ocean drilling. In the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) T-Limit Project, we will drill and core at new boreholes in the immediate vicinity of Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Sites 1173, 1174, and 808 off Cape Muroto, Japan, in the central Nankai Trough, where anomalously high heat flow regimes result in temperatures of 110° to 140°C at the sediment/basement interface. Because of their location in the trench (Site 1173) and landward protothrust zone of the Nankai Trough accretionary prism (Sites 808 and 1174), the sites have different geotectonic and thermal histories that have resulted in contrasting (bio)geochemical modes of hydrocarbon gas production and consumption. Although the upper temperature limit appears well constrained at relatively energy-rich hydrothermal vent systems at just above 120°C, it is unknown in energy-starved sedimentary subseafloor settings but is generally presumed to be lower and thus expected to be covered by our target sites. During the IODP T-Limit Project, we aim to • Comprehensively study the factors that control biomass, activity, and diversity of microbial communities in a subseafloor environment where temperatures increase from ~30° to ~130°C and thus likely encompasses the biotic–abiotic transition zone; and • Determine geochemical, geophysical, and hydrogeological characteristics in sediment and the underlying basaltic basement and elucidate if the supply of fluids containing thermogenic and/or geogenic nutrient and energy substrates may support subseafloor microbial communities in the Nankai accretionary complex. Because of the D/V Chikyu’s schedule, these scientific objectives cannot be achieved within a single expedition. During the first T-Limit expedition (370), we will drill and retrieve core samples from sedimentary sections (200–1210 m below seafloor) and basement basalt (1210–1260 m below seafloor) at the protothrust site near ODP Site 1174 and measure temperatures in situ. 

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2. LIMIT THEOREMS FOR FACTOR MODELS

   https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266466620000468  

   Anatolyev, Stanislav; Mikusheva, Anna (October 2021, Econometric Theory)

   This paper establishes central limit theorems (CLTs) and proposes how to perform valid inference in factor models. We consider a setting where many counties/regions/assets are observed for many time periods, and when estimation of a global parameter includes aggregation of a cross-section of heterogeneous microparameters estimated separately for each entity. The CLT applies for quantities involving both cross-sectional and time series aggregation, as well as for quadratic forms in time-aggregated errors. This paper studies the conditions when one can consistently estimate the asymptotic variance, and proposes a bootstrap scheme for cases when one cannot. A small simulation study illustrates performance of the asymptotic and bootstrap procedures. The results are useful for making inferences in two-step estimation procedures related to factor models, as well as in other related contexts. Our treatment avoids structural modeling of cross-sectional dependence but imposes time-series independence. 

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3. Kronecker’s first limit formula, revisited

   https://doi.org/10.1007/s40687-018-0138-0  

   Duke, W.; Imamoḡlu, Ö.; Tóth, Á. (June 2018, Research in the Mathematical Sciences)

   null (Ed.)
4. Is the classical limit “singular”?

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2021.05.007  

   Steeger, Jeremy; Feintzeig, Benjamin H. (August 2021, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A)

   null (Ed.)
5. Breaking the photoswitch speed limit

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43405-w  

   Thaggard, Grace C.; Park, Kyoung Chul; Lim, Jaewoong; Maldeni Kankanamalage, Buddhima K. P.; Haimerl, Johanna; Wilson, Gina R.; McBride, Margaret K.; Forrester, Kelly L.; Adelson, Esther R.; Arnold, Virginia S.; et al (November 2023, Nature Communications)

   Abstract The forthcoming generation of materials, including artificial muscles, recyclable and healable systems, photochromic heterogeneous catalysts, or tailorable supercapacitors, relies on the fundamental concept of rapid switching between two or more discrete forms in the solid state. Herein, we report a breakthrough in the “speed limit” of photochromic molecules on the example of sterically-demanding spiropyran derivatives through their integration within solvent-free confined space, allowing for engineering of the photoresponsive moiety environment and tailoring their photoisomerization rates. The presented conceptual approach realized through construction of the spiropyran environment results in ~1000 times switching enhancement even in the solid state compared to its behavior in solution, setting a record in the field of photochromic compounds. Moreover, integration of two distinct photochromic moieties in the same framework provided access to a dynamic range of rates as well as complementary switching in the material’s optical profile, uncovering a previously inaccessible pathway for interstate rapid photoisomerization. 

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