An official website of the United States government
Detection Technologies for Reactive Oxygen Species: Fluorescence and Electrochemical Methods and Their Applications
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been found in plants, mammals, and natural environmental processes. The presence of ROS in mammals has been linked to the development of severe diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, tumors, and several neurodegenerative conditions. The most common ROS involved in human health are superoxide (O2•−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals (•OH). Organic and inorganic molecules have been integrated with various methods to detect and monitor ROS for understanding the effect of their presence and concentration on diseases caused by oxidative stress. Among several techniques, fluorescence and electrochemical methods have been recently developed and employed for the detection of ROS. This literature review intends to critically discuss the development of these techniques to date, as well as their application for in vitro and in vivo ROS detection regarding free-radical-related diseases. Moreover, important insights into and further steps for using fluorescence and electrochemical methods in the detection of ROS are presented.
more »
« less
- Award ID(s):
- 1817294
- PAR ID:
- 10230828
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Biosensors
- Volume:
- 11
- Issue:
- 2
- ISSN:
- 2079-6374
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 30
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
More Like this
-
Electrochemical sensors are ideally suited for the detection of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) generated during biological processes. This review discusses the latest work in the development of electrochemical microsensors for ROS/RNS and their possible applications for monitoring oxidative stress in biological systems. The performance of recent designs of microelectrodes and electrode materials are discussed along with their functionality in preclinical models of drug efficacy, mitochondrial distress, and endothelial dysfunction. Challenges and opportunities in translating this methodology to study the pathophysiology associated with various diseases are discussed.more » « less
-
Recent progress in microRNA detection using integrated electric fields and optical detection methodsLow-cost, highly-sensitivity, and minimally invasive tests for the detection and monitoring of life-threatening diseases and disorders can reduce the worldwide disease burden. Despite a number of interdisciplinary research efforts, there are still challenges remaining to be addressed, so clinically significant amounts of relevant biomarkers in body fluids can be detected with low assay cost, high sensitivity, and speed at point-of-care settings. Although the conventional proteomic technologies have shown promise, their ability to detect all levels of disease progression from early to advanced stages is limited to a limited number of diseases. One potential avenue for early diagnosis is microRNA (miRNA). Due to their upstream positions in regulatory cascades, blood-based miRNAs are sensitive biomarkers that are detectable earlier than those targeted by other methods. Therefore, miRNA is a promising diagnostic biomarker for many diseases, including those lacking optimal diagnostic tools. Electric fields have been utilized to develop various biomedical assays including cell separation, molecules detection and analysis. Recently, there has been a great interest in the utility of electric fields with optical detection methods, including fluorescence and surface plasmons toward biomarker detection. This mini review first summarizes the recent development of miRNA as a biomarker. Second, the utility of electric fields and their integration with fluorescence detection methods will be discussed. Next, recent studies that utilized electric fields and optical detection methods will be discussed. Finally, in conclusion, technology gaps and improvements needed to enable low-cost and sensitive biomarker detection in point-of-care settings will be discussed.more » « less
-
Owing to their merits of simple, fast, sensitive, and low cost, electrochemical biosensors have been widely used for the diagnosis of infectious diseases. As a critical element, the receptor determines the selectivity, stability, and accuracy of the electrochemical biosensors. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and surface imprinted polymers (SIPs) have great potential to be robust artificial receptors. Therefore, extensive studies have been reported to develop MIPs/SIPs for the detection of infectious diseases with high selectivity and reliability. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of recognition events between imprinted polymers with different biomarkers, such as signaling molecules, microbial toxins, viruses, and bacterial and fungal cells. Then, various preparation methods of MIPs/SIPs for electrochemical biosensors are summarized. Especially, the methods of electropolymerization and micro-contact imprinting are emphasized. Furthermore, applications of MIPs/SIPs based electrochemical biosensors for infectious disease detection are highlighted. At last, challenges and perspectives are discussed.more » « less
-
The enantiomers of chiral amino acids play versatile roles in biological systems including humans. They are also very useful in the asymmetric synthesis of diverse chiral organic compounds. Therefore, identifying a specific amino acid and distinguishing it from its enantiomer are of great importance. Although significant progress has been made in the development of fluorescent probes for amino acids, most of them are not capable of conducting simultaneous chemoselective and enantioselective detection of a specific amino acid enantiomer. In this article, several fluorescent probes have been designed and synthesized for chemoselective as well as enantioselective recognition of certain amino acid enantiomers. ( S )-1 shows greatly enhanced fluorescence in the presence of l -glutamic acid and l -aspartic acid, but produces no or little fluorescence response toward their opposite enantiomers and other amino acids. ( R )-4 in combination with Zn 2+ shows greatly enhanced fluorescence in the presence of l -serine. ( S )-6 is designed for the selective recognition of histidine. Micelles made of an amphiphilic diblock copolymer are used to encapsulate the water-insoluble compound ( S )-8 which shows chemoselective as well as enantioselective fluorescence enhancement with l -lysine in the presence of Zn 2+ in aqueous solution. The same micelles are also used to encapsulate several ( S )-1,1′-binaphthyl-based monoaldehydes ( S )-10 for the chemoselective and enantioselective fluorescence recognition of l -tryptophan in the presence of Zn 2+ in aqueous solution. These findings have demonstrated that highly selective fluorescence identification of a specific amino acid enantiomer can be achieved by incorporating certain functional groups at the designated locations of the 1,1′-binaphthyls. The binaphthyl core structure of these probes provides both a chirality source and highly tunable fluorescence properties. Matching the structure and chirality of these probes with those of the specific amino acid enantiomers can generate structurally rigid reaction products and give rise to greatly enhanced fluorescence. The strategies of this work can be further expanded to develop fluorescent probes for the specific identification of many amino acids of interest. This should facilitate the analysis of chiral amino acids in various applications. The outlook of this research and its comparison with other methods are also discussed.more » « less
- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
-
Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11020030
