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1. Big Ship Data: Using vessel measurements to improve estimates of temperature and wind speed on the Great Lakes: BIG SHIP DATA ON THE GREAT LAKES

   https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR020084  

   Fries, Kevin ; Kerkez, Branko ( May 2017 , Water Resources Research)
2. Lake-effect rainfall over Africa’s great lakes and other lakes in the rift valleys

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2021.12.004  

   Nicholson, Sharon E. ( January 2022 , Journal of Great Lakes Research)
3. Early Holocene ice retreat from Isle Royale in the Laurentian Great Lakes constrained with 10 Be exposure-age dating

   https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-413-2023  

   Portenga, Eric W. ; Ullman, David J. ; Corbett, Lee B. ; Bierman, Paul R. ; Caffee, Marc W. ( January 2023 , Geochronology)

   Abstract. The timing of the Laurentide Ice Sheet's final retreat from North America's Laurentian Great Lakes is relevant to understanding regional meltwater routing, changing proglacial lake levels, and lake-bottom stratigraphy following the Last Glacial Maximum. Recessional moraines on Isle Royale, the largest island in Lake Superior, have been mapped but not directly dated. Here, we use the mean of 10 new 10Be exposure ages of glacial erratics from two recessional moraines (10.1 ± 1.1 ka, one standard deviation; excluding one anomalously young sample) to constrain the timing of Isle Royale's final deglaciation. This 10Be age is consistent with existing minimum-limiting 14C ages of basal organic sediment from two inland lakes on Isle Royale, a sediment core in Lake Superior southwest of the island, and an estimated deglaciation age of the younger of two subaqueous moraines between Isle Royale and Michigan's Keweenaw Peninsula. Relationships between Isle Royale's landform ages and Lake Superior bottom stratigraphy allow us to delineate the retreat of the Laurentide ice margin across and through Lake Superior in the early Holocene. We suggest that Laurentide ice was in contact with the southern shorelines of Lake Superior later than previously thought.

    

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4. Event‐Based Precipitation Isotopes in the Laurentian Great Lakes Region Reveal Spatiotemporal Patterns in Moisture Recycling

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029545  

   Corcoran, Megan C. ; Thomas, Elizabeth K. ; Boutt, David F. ( May 2019 , Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres)
5. Diverse and variable community structure of picophytoplankton across the Laurentian Great Lakes

   https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12422  

   Gale, John ; Sweeney, Carey ; Paver, Sara ; Coleman, Maureen L. ; Thompson, Anne W. ( October 2023 , Limnology and Oceanography)

   The Laurentian Great Lakes provide economic support to millions of people, drive biogeochemical cycling, and are an important natural laboratory for characterizing the fundamental components of aquatic ecosystems. Small phytoplankton are important contributors to the food web in much of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Here, for the first time, we reveal and quantify eight phenotypically distinct picophytoplankton populations across the Lakes using a multilaser flow cytometry approach, which distinguishes cells based on their pigment phenotype. The distributions and diversity of picophytoplankton flow populations varied across lakes and depths, with Lake Erie standing out with the highest diversity. By sequencing sorted cells, we identified several distinct lineages ofSynechococcalesspanning Subclusters 5.2 and 5.3. Distinct genotypic clusters mapped to phenotypically similar flow populations, suggesting that there may not be a clear one‐to‐one mapping between genotypes and phenotypes. This suggests genome‐level differentiation between lakes but some degree of phenotypic convergence in pigment characteristics. Our results demonstrate that ecological selection for locally adapted populations may outpace homogenization by physical transport in this interconnected system. Given the reliance of the Lakes on in situ primary production as a source for organic carbon, this work sets the foundation to test how the community structure of small primary producers corresponds to biogeochemical and food web functions of the Great Lakes and other freshwater systems.

    

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