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1. Peculiarities of crystal structures and photophysical properties of Ga ^III /Ln ^III metallacrowns with a non-planar [12-MC-4] core

   https://doi.org/10.1039/c9qi01647c  

   Nguyen, Tu N. ; Eliseeva, Svetlana V. ; Chow, Chun Y. ; Kampf, Jeff W. ; Petoud, Stéphane ; Pecoraro, Vincent L. ( March 2020 , Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers)

   A new series of gallium( iii )/lanthanide( iii ) metallacrown (MC) complexes ( Ln-1 ) was synthesized by the direct reaction of salicylhydroxamic acid (H 3 shi) with Ga III and Ln III nitrates in a CH 3 OH/pyridine mixture. X-ray single crystal analysis revealed two types of structures depending on whether the nitrate counterion coordinate or not to the Ln III : [LnGa 4 (shi) 4 (H 2 shi) 2 (py) 4 (NO 3 )](py) 2 (Ln = Gd III , Tb III , Dy III , Ho III ) and [LnGa 4 (shi) 4 (H 2 shi) 2 (py) 5 ](NO 3 )(py) (Ln = Er III , Tm III , Yb III ). The representative Tb-1 and Yb-1 MCs consist of a Tb/YbGa 4 core with four [Ga III –N–O] repeating units forming a non-planar ring that coordinates the central Ln III through the oxygen atoms of the four shi 3− groups. Two H 2 shi − groups bridge the Ln III to the Ga III ring ions. The Yb III in Yb-1 is eight-coordinated while the ligation of the nine-coordinated Tb III in Tb-1 is completed by one chelating nitrate ion. Ln-1 complexes in the solidmore »state showed characteristic sharp f–f transitions in the visible (Tb, Dy) and near-infrared (Dy, Ho, Er, Yb) spectral ranges upon excitation into the ligand-centered electronic levels at 350 nm. Observed luminescence lifetimes and absolute quantum yields were collected and discussed. For Yb-1 , luminescence data were also acquired in CH 3 OH and CD 3 OD solutions and a more extensive analysis of photophysical properties was performed. This work demonstrates that while obtaining highly luminescent lanthanide( iii ) MCs via a direct synthesis is feasible, many factors such as molar absorptivities, triplet state energies, non-radiative deactivations through vibronic coupling with overtones of O–H, N–H, and C–H oscillators and crystal packing will strongly contribute to the luminescent properties and should be carefully considered.« less
2. Evaluating electrochemical accessibility of 4f ⁿ 5d ¹ and 4f ⁿ⁺¹ Ln( ii ) ions in (C ₅ H ₄ SiMe ₃ ) ₃ Ln and (C ₅ Me ₄ H) ₃ Ln complexes

   https://doi.org/10.1039/D1DT02427B  

   Trinh, Michael T. ; Wedal, Justin C. ; Evans, William J. ( October 2021 , Dalton Transactions)

   The reduction potentials (reported vs. Fc + /Fc) for a series of Cp′ 3 Ln complexes (Cp′ = C 5 H 4 SiMe 3 , Ln = lanthanide) were determined via electrochemistry in THF with [ n Bu 4 N][BPh 4 ] as the supporting electrolyte. The Ln( iii )/Ln( ii ) reduction potentials for Ln = Eu, Yb, Sm, and Tm (−1.07 to −2.83 V) follow the expected trend for stability of 4f 7 , 4f 14 , 4f 6 , and 4f 13 Ln( ii ) ions, respectively. The reduction potentials for Ln = Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Lu, that form 4f n 5d 1 Ln( ii ) ions ( n = 2–14), fall in a narrow range of −2.95 V to −3.14 V. Only cathodic events were observed for La and Ce at −3.36 V and −3.43 V, respectively. The reduction potentials of the Ln( ii ) compounds [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][Cp′ 3 Ln] (Ln = Pr, Sm, Eu) match those of the Cp′ 3 Ln complexes. The reduction potentials of nine (C 5 Me 4 H) 3 Ln complexes were also studied and found to be 0.05–0.24 V more negative than those of the Cp′more »3 Ln compounds.« less
3. Lanthanide-mediated tuning of electronic and magnetic properties in heterotrimetallic cyclooctatetraenyl multidecker self-assemblies

   https://doi.org/10.1039/D2SC00631F  

   Zhou, Zheng ; McNeely, James ; Greenough, Joshua ; Wei, Zheng ; Han, Haixiang ; Rouzières, Mathieu ; Rogachev, Andrey Yu. ; Clérac, Rodolphe ; Petrukhina, Marina A. ( March 2022 , Chemical Science)

   The synthesis of a novel family of homoleptic COT-based heterotrimetallic self-assemblies bearing the formula [LnKCa(COT) 3 (THF) 3 ] (Ln( iii ) = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb) is reported followed by their X-ray crystallographic and magnetic characterization. All crystals conform to the monoclinic P 2 1 / c space group with a slight compression of the unit cell from 3396.4(2) Å 3 to 3373.2(4) Å 3 along the series. All complexes exhibit a triple-decker structure having the Ln( iii ) and K( i ) ions sandwiched by three COT 2− ligands with an end-bound {Ca 2+ (THF) 3 } moiety to form a non-linear (153.5°) arrangement of three different metals. The COT 2− ligands act in a η 8 -mode with respect to all metal centers. A detailed structural comparison of this unique set of heterotrimetallic complexes has revealed consistent trends along the series. From Gd to Yb, the Ln to ring-centroid distance decreases from 1.961(3) Å to 1.827(2) Å. In contrast, the separation of K( i ) and Ca( ii ) ions from the COT-centroid (2.443(3) and 1.914(3) Å, respectively) is not affected by the change of Ln( iii ) ions. The magnetic property investigationmore »of the [LnKCa(COT) 3 (THF) 3 ] series (Ln( iii ) = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm) reveals that the Dy, Er, and Tm complexes display slow relaxation of their magnetization, in other words, single-molecule magnet (SMM) properties. This behaviour is dominated by thermally activated (Orbach-like) and quantum tunneling processes for [DyKCa(COT) 3 (THF) 3 ] in contrast to [ErKCa(COT) 3 (THF) 3 ], in which the thermally activated and Raman processes appear to be relevant. Details of the electronic structures and magnetic properties of these complexes are further clarified with the help of DFT and ab initio theoretical calculations.« less
4. X-ray crystallographic, luminescence and NMR studies of phenacyldiphenylphosphine oxide with the Ln( iii ) ions Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb and Dy

   https://doi.org/10.1039/c7dt02678a  

   G. Leach, Erin ; Shady, Justin R. ; Boyden, Adam C. ; Emig, Anne-lise ; Henry, Alyssa T. ; Connor, Emily K. ; Staples, Richard J. ; Schaertel, Stephanie ; Werner, Eric J. ; Biros, Shannon M. ( January 2017 , Dalton Transactions)

   We report here the characterization in solution (NMR, luminescence, MS) and the solid-state (X-ray crystallography, IR) of complexes between phenacyldiphenylphosphine oxide and five Ln( iii ) ions (Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy). Four single crystal X-ray structures are described here showing a 1 : 2 ratio between the Ln 3+ ions Eu, Dy, Sm and Gd and the ligand, where the phosphine oxide ligands are bound in a monodentate manner to the metal center. A fifth structure is reported for the 1 : 2 Eu(NO 3 ) 3 -ligand complex showing bidentate binding between the two ligands and the metal center. The solution coordination chemistry of these metal complexes was probed by 1 H, 13 C and 31 P NMR, mass spectrometry, and luminescence experiments. The title ligand has the capability to sensitize Tb 3+ , Dy 3+ , Eu 3+ and Sm 3+ leading to metal-centered emission in solutions of acetonitrile and methanol and in the solid state.
5. Crystallographic characterization of rare-earth cyanotriphenylborate complexes and the cyanoborates [NCBPh ₃ ] ¹⁻ , [NCBPh ₂ Me] ¹⁻ , and [NCBPh ₂ (μ-O)BPh ₂ ] ¹⁻

   https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989021006861  

   Dumas, Megan T. ; White, Jessica R. ; Ziller, Joseph W. ; Evans, William J. ( August 2021 , Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications)

   The investigation of the coordination chemistry of rare-earth metal complexes with cyanide ligands led to the isolation and crystallographic characterization of the Ln III cyanotriphenylborate complexes dichlorido(cyanotriphenylborato-κ N )tetrakis(tetrahydrofuran-κ O )lanthanide(III), [ Ln Cl 2 (C 19 H 15 BN)(C 4 H 8 O) 4 ] [lanthanide ( Ln ) = dysprosium (Dy) and yttrium Y)] from reactions of LnCl 3 , KCN, and NaBPh 4 . Attempts to independently synthesize the tetraethylammonium salt of (NCBPh 3 ) − from BPh 3 and [NEt 4 ][CN] in THF yielded crystals of the phenyl-substituted cyclic borate, tetraethylazanium 2,2,4,6-tetraphenyl-1,3,5,2λ 4 ,4,6-trioxatriborinan-2-ide, C 8 H 20 N + ·C 24 H 20 B 3 O 3 − or [NEt 4 ][B 3 (μ-O) 3 (C 6 H 5 ) 4 ]. The mechanochemical reaction of BPh 3 and [NEt 4 ][CN] without solvent produced crystals of tetraethylazanium cyanodiphenyl-λ 4 -boranyl diphenylborinate, C 8 H 20 N + ·C 25 H 20 B 2 NO − or [NEt 4 ][NCBPh 2 (μ-O)BPh 2 ]. Reaction of BPh 3 and KCN in THF in the presence of 2.2.2-cryptand (crypt) led to a crystal of bis[(2.2.2-cryptand)potassium] 2,2,4,6-tetraphenyl-1,3,5,2λ 4 ,4,6-trioxatriborinan-2-ide cyanomethyldiphenylborate tetrahydrofuran disolvate, 2C 18 H 36more »KN 2 O 6 + ·C 24 H 20 B 3 O 3 − ·C 14 H 13 BN − ·2C 4 H 8 O or [K(crypt)] 2 [B 3 (μ-O) 3 (C 6 H 5 ) 4 ][NCBPh 2 Me]·2THF. The [NCBPh 2 (μ-O)BPh 2 ] 1− and (NCBPh 2 Me) 1− anions have not been structurally characterized previously. The structure of 1-Y was refined as a two-component twin with occupancy factors 0.513 (1) and 0.487 (1). In 4 , one solvent molecule was disordered and included using multiple components with partial site-occupancy factors.« less