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1. Benthic jellyfish act as suction pumps to facilitate release of interstitial porewater

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-30101-4  

   Durieux, David M. ; Scrogham, Gabrielle D. ; Fender, Christian ; Lewis, David B. ; Deban, Stephen M. ; Gemmell, Brad J. ( March 2023 , Scientific Reports)

   Upside-down jellyfish, genusCassiopea(Péron and Lesueur, 1809), are found in shallow coastal habitats in tropical and subtropical regions circumglobally. These animals have previously been demonstrated to produce flow both in the water column as a feeding current, and in the interstitial porewater, where they liberate porewater at rates averaging 2.46 mL h⁻¹. Since porewater inCassiopeahabitat can be nutrient-rich, this is a potential source of nutrient enrichment in these ecosystems. This study experimentally determines that porewater release byCassiopeasp. jellyfish is due to suction pumping, and not the Bernoulli effect. This suggests porewater release is directly coupled to bell pulsation rate, and unlike vertical jet flux, should be unaffected by population density. In addition, we show that bell pulsation rate is positively correlated with temperature, and negatively correlated with animal size. As such, we would predict an increase in the release of nutrient-rich porewater during the warm summer months. Furthermore, we show that, at our field site in Lido Key, Florida, at the northernmost limit ofCassiopearange, population densities decline during the winter, increasing seasonal differences in porewater release.

    

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2. A case study of SMEFT $$ \mathcal{O}\left(1/{\Lambda}^4\right) $$ effects in diboson processes: pp → W±(ℓ±ν)γ

   https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP05(2024)223  

   Martin, Adam ( May 2024 , Journal of High Energy Physics)

   In this paper we explorepp→W^±(ℓ^±ν)γto$$ \mathcal{O}\left(1/{\Lambda}^4\right) $$$O\left(1/{\Lambda }^4\right)$in the SMEFT expansion. Calculations to this order are necessary to properly capture SMEFT contributions that grow with energy, as the interference between energy-enhanced SMEFT effects at$$ \mathcal{O}\left(1/{\Lambda}^2\right) $$$O\left(1/{\Lambda }^2\right)$and the Standard Model is suppressed. We find that there are several dimension eight operators that interfere with the Standard Model and lead to the same energy growth, ~$$ \mathcal{O}\left({E}^4/{\Lambda}^4\right) $$$O\left(E^4/{\Lambda }^4\right)$, as dimension six squared. While energy-enhanced SMEFT contributions are a main focus, our calculation includes the complete set of$$ \mathcal{O}\left(1/{\Lambda}^4\right) $$$O\left(1/{\Lambda }^4\right)$SMEFT effects consistent with U(3)⁵flavor symmetry. Additionally, we include the decay of theW^±→ ℓ^±ν, making the calculation actually$$ \overline{q}{q}^{\prime}\to {\ell}^{\pm}\nu \gamma $$$\overline{q}{q}^{\prime }\to {\ell }^{\pm }\mathrm{\nu \gamma }$. As such, we are able to study the impact of non-resonant SMEFT operators, such as$$ \left({L}^{\dagger }{\overline{\sigma}}^{\mu }{\tau}^IL\right)\left({Q}^{\dagger }{\overline{\sigma}}^{\nu }{\tau}^IQ\right) $$$\left(L^{†}{\overline{\sigma }}^{\mu }{\tau }^{I}L\right)\left(Q^{†}{\overline{\sigma }}^{\nu }{\tau }^{I}Q\right)$B_μν, which contribute to$$ \overline{q}{q}^{\prime}\to {\ell}^{\pm}\nu \gamma $$$\overline{q}{q}^{\prime }\to {\ell }^{\pm }\mathrm{\nu \gamma }$directly and not to$$ \overline{q}{q}^{\prime}\to {W}^{\pm}\gamma $$$\overline{q}{q}^{\prime }\to W^{\pm }\gamma$. We show several distributions to illustrate the shape differences of the different contributions.

    

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3. Comprehensive analysis of local and nonlocal amplitudes in the B0 → K*0μ+μ− decay

   https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP09(2024)026  

   Aaij, R ; Abdelmotteleb, A_S W ; Abellan_Beteta, C ; Abudinén, F ; Ackernley, T ; Adefisoye, A A ; Adeva, B ; Adinolfi, M ; Adlarson, P ; Agapopoulou, C ; et al ( September 2024 , Journal of High Energy Physics)

   A comprehensive study of the local and nonlocal amplitudes contributing to the decayB⁰→K^*0(→K⁺π⁻)μ⁺μ⁻is performed by analysing the phase-space distribution of the decay products. The analysis is based onppcollision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 8.4 fb⁻¹collected by the LHCb experiment. This measurement employs for the first time a model of both one-particle and two-particle nonlocal amplitudes, and utilises the complete dimuon mass spectrum without any veto regions around the narrow charmonium resonances. In this way it is possible to explicitly isolate the local and nonlocal contributions and capture the interference between them. The results show that interference with nonlocal contributions, although larger than predicted, only has a minor impact on the Wilson Coefficients determined from the fit to the data. For the local contributions, the Wilson Coefficient$$ {\mathcal{C}}_9 $$$C_9$, responsible for vector dimuon currents, exhibits a 2.1σdeviation from the Standard Model expectation. The Wilson Coefficients$$ {\mathcal{C}}_{10} $$$C_{10}$,$$ {\mathcal{C}}_9^{\prime } $$$C_9^{\prime }$and$$ {\mathcal{C}}_{10}^{\prime } $$$C_{10}^{\prime }$are all in better agreement than$$ {\mathcal{C}}_9 $$$C_9$with the Standard Model and the global significance is at the level of 1.5σ. The model used also accounts for nonlocal contributions fromB⁰→ K^*0[τ⁺τ⁻→ μ⁺μ⁻] rescattering, resulting in the first direct measurement of thebsττvector effective-coupling$$ {\mathcal{C}}_{9\tau } $$$C_{9\tau }$.

    

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4. Shallow-Water Habitat in the Lower Columbia River Estuary: A Highly Altered System

   https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-023-01229-3  

   Templeton, William J ; Jay, David A ; Diefenderfer, Heida L ; Talke, Stefan A ( January 2024 , Estuaries and Coasts)

   Decreases in shallow-water habitat area (SWHA) in the Lower Columbia River and Estuary (LCRE) have adversely affected salmonid populations. We investigate the causes by hindcasting SWHA from 1928 to 2004, system-wide, based on daily higher high water (HHW) and system hypsometry. Physics-based regression models are used to represent HHW along the system as a function of river inflow, tides, and coastal processes, and hypsometry is used to estimate the associated SWHA. Scenario modeling is employed to attribute SWHA losses to levees, flow regulation, diversion, navigational development, and climate-induced hydrologic change, for subsidence scenarios of up to 2 m, and for 0.5 m fill. For zero subsidence, the system-wide annual-average loss of SWHA is 55 ± 5%, or 51 × 10⁵ ha/year; levees have caused the largest decrease ($${54}_{-14}^{+5}$$${54}_{-14}^{+5}$%, or ~ 50 × 10⁵ ha/year). The loss in SWHA due to operation of the hydropower system is small, but spatially and seasonally variable. During the spring freshet critical to juvenile salmonids, the total SWHA loss was$${63}_{-3}^{+2}$$${63}_{-3}^{+2}$%, with the hydropower system causing losses of 5–16% (depending on subsidence). Climate change and navigation have caused SWHA losses of$${5}_{-5}^{+16}$$$5_{-5}^{+16}$% and$${4}_{-6}^{+14}$$$4_{-6}^{+14}$%, respectively, but with high spatial variability; irrigation impacts have been small. Uncertain subsidence causes most of the uncertainty in estimates; the sum of the individual factors exceeds the total loss, because factors interact. Any factor that reduces mean or peak flows (reservoirs, diversion, and climate change) or alters tides and along-channel slope (navigation) becomes more impactful as assumed historical elevations are increased to account for subsidence, while levees matter less.

    

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5. Measurement of the e+e− → $$ {B}_s^0{\overline{B}}_s^0X $$ cross section in the energy range from 10.63 to 11.02 GeV using inclusive $$ {D}_s^{+} $$ and D0 production

   https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP08(2023)131  

   Zhukova, V ; Mizuk, R ; Adachi, I ; Aihara, H ; Al_Said, S ; Asner, D M ; Atmacan, H ; Aulchenko, V ; Aushev, T ; Ayad, R ; et al ( August 2023 , Journal of High Energy Physics)

   We report the first measurement of the inclusivee⁺e⁻→$$ b\overline{b} $$$b\overline{b}$→$$ {D}_s^{\pm } $$$D_s^{\pm }$Xande⁺e⁻→$$ b\overline{b} $$$b\overline{b}$→ D⁰/$$ {\overline{D}}^0 $$${\overline{D}}^0$Xcross sections in the energy range from 10.63 to 11.02 GeV. Based on these results, we determineσ(e⁺e⁻→$$ {B}_s^0{\overline{B}}_s^0 $$$B_s^0{\overline{B}}_s^0$X) andσ(e⁺e⁻→$$ B\overline{B} $$$B\overline{B}$X) in the same energy range. We measure the fraction of$$ {B}_s^0 $$$B_s^0$events at Υ(10860) to bef_s= ($$ {22.0}_{-2.1}^{+2.0} $$${22.0}_{-2.1}^{+2.0}$)%. We determine also the ratio of the$$ {B}_s^0 $$$B_s^0$inclusive branching fractions$$ \mathcal{B} $$$B$($$ {B}_s^0 $$$B_s^0$→ D⁰/$$ {\overline{D}}^0 $$${\overline{D}}^0$X)/$$ \mathcal{B} $$$B$($$ {B}_s^0 $$$B_s^0$→$$ {D}_s^{\pm } $$$D_s^{\pm }$X) = 0.416 ± 0.018 ± 0.092. The results are obtained using the data collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energye⁺e⁻collider.

    

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