In this study, a machine learning based method is proposed for creating synthetic eventful phasor measurement unit (PMU) data under time-varying load conditions. The proposed method leverages generative adversarial networks to create quasi-steady states for the power system under slowly-varying load conditions and incorporates a framework of neural ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to capture the transient behaviors of the system during voltage oscillation events. A numerical example of a large power grid suggests that this method can create realistic synthetic eventful PMU voltage measurements based on the associated real PMU data without any knowledge of the underlying nonlinear dynamic equations. The results demonstrate that the synthetic voltage measurements have the key characteristics of real system behavior on distinct time scales.
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Synthetic Time-Series Load Data via Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks
A framework for the generation of synthetic time-series transmission-level load data is presented. Conditional generative adversarial networks are used to learn the patterns of a real dataset of hourly-sampled week-long load profiles and generate unique synthetic profiles on demand, based on the season and type of load required. Extensive testing of the generative model is performed to verify that the synthetic data fully captures the characteristics of real loads and that it can be used for downstream power system and/or machine learning applications.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1934766
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10291091
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- 2021 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM)
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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Abstract The availability of large datasets is crucial for the development of new power system applications and tools; unfortunately, very few are publicly and freely available. The authors designed an end‐to‐end generative framework for the creation of synthetic bus‐level time‐series load data for transmission networks. The model is trained on a real dataset of over 70 Terabytes of synchrophasor measurements spanning multiple years. Leveraging a combination of principal component analysis and conditional generative adversarial network models, the developed scheme allows for the generation of data at varying sampling rates (up to a maximum of 30 samples per second) and ranging in length from seconds to years. The generative models are tested extensively to verify that they correctly capture the diverse characteristics of real loads. Finally, an opensource tool called LoadGAN is developed which gives researchers access to the fully trained generative models via a graphical interface.
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Significant resources have been spent in collecting and storing large and heterogeneous radar datasets during expensive Arctic and Antarctic fieldwork. The vast majority of data available is unlabeled, and the labeling process is both time-consuming and expensive. One possible alternative to the labeling process is the use of synthetically generated data with artificial intelligence. Instead of labeling real images, we can generate synthetic data based on arbitrary labels. In this way, training data can be quickly augmented with additional images. In this research, we evaluated the performance of synthetically generated radar images based on modified cycle-consistent adversarial networks. We conducted several experiments to test the quality of the generated radar imagery. We also tested the quality of a state-of-the-art contour detection algorithm on synthetic data and different combinations of real and synthetic data. Our experiments show that synthetic radar images generated by generative adversarial network (GAN) can be used in combination with real images for data augmentation and training of deep neural networks. However, the synthetic images generated by GANs cannot be used solely for training a neural network (training on synthetic and testing on real) as they cannot simulate all of the radar characteristics such as noise or Doppler effects. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work in creating radar sounder imagery based on generative adversarial network.more » « less
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Relevance to proposal: This project evaluates the generalizability of real and synthetic training datasets which can be used to train model-free techniques for multi-agent applications. We evaluate different methods of generating training corpora and machine learning techniques including Behavior Cloning and Generative Adversarial Imitation Learning. Our results indicate that the utility-guided selection of representative scenarios to generate synthetic data can have significant improvements on model performance. Paper abstract: Crowd simulation, the study of the movement of multiple agents in complex environments, presents a unique application domain for machine learning. One challenge in crowd simulation is to imitate the movement of expert agents in highly dense crowds. An imitation model could substitute an expert agent if the model behaves as good as the expert. This will bring many exciting applications. However, we believe no prior studies have considered the critical question of how training data and training methods affect imitators when these models are applied to novel scenarios. In this work, a general imitation model is represented by applying either the Behavior Cloning (BC) training method or a more sophisticated Generative Adversarial Imitation Learning (GAIL) method, on three typical types of data domains: standard benchmarks for evaluating crowd models, random sampling of state-action pairs, and egocentric scenarios that capture local interactions. Simulated results suggest that (i) simpler training methods are overall better than more complex training methods, (ii) training samples with diverse agent-agent and agent-obstacle interactions are beneficial for reducing collisions when the trained models are applied to new scenarios. We additionally evaluated our models in their ability to imitate real world crowd trajectories observed from surveillance videos. Our findings indicate that models trained on representative scenarios generalize to new, unseen situations observed in real human crowds.more » « less
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Abstract Recently, Raman Spectroscopy (RS) was demonstrated to be a non-destructive way of cancer diagnosis, due to the uniqueness of RS measurements in revealing molecular biochemical changes between cancerous vs. normal tissues and cells. In order to design computational approaches for cancer detection, the quality and quantity of tissue samples for RS are important for accurate prediction. In reality, however, obtaining skin cancer samples is difficult and expensive due to privacy and other constraints. With a small number of samples, the training of the classifier is difficult, and often results in overfitting. Therefore, it is important to have more samples to better train classifiers for accurate cancer tissue classification. To overcome these limitations, this paper presents a novel generative adversarial network based skin cancer tissue classification framework. Specifically, we design a data augmentation module that employs a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to generate synthetic RS data resembling the training data classes. The original tissue samples and the generated data are concatenated to train classification modules. Experiments on real-world RS data demonstrate that (1) data augmentation can help improve skin cancer tissue classification accuracy, and (2) generative adversarial network can be used to generate reliable synthetic Raman spectroscopic data.
- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Conference Paper:
- The DOI is not currently available.
