A bstract We describe the construction of traversable wormholes with multiple mouths in four spacetime dimensions and discuss associated quantum entanglement. Our wormholes may be traversed between any pair of mouths. In particular, in the three-mouth case they have fundamental group F 2 (the free group on two generators). By contrast, connecting three regions A, B, C in pairs ( AB , BC , and AC ) using three separate wormholes would give fundamental group F 3 . Our solutions are asymptotically flat up to the presence of possible magnetic fluxes or cosmic strings that extend to infinity. The construction begins with a two-mouth traversable wormhole supported by backreaction from quantum fields. Inserting a sufficiently small black hole into its throat preserves traversability between the original two mouths. This black hole is taken to be the mouth of another wormhole connecting the original throat to a new distant region of spacetime. Making the new wormhole traversable in a manner similar to the original two-mouth wormhole provides the desired causal connections. From a dual field theory point of view, when AdS asymptotics are added to our construction, multiparty entanglement may play an important role in the traversability of the resulting wormhole. more »« less
Al Balushi, Abdulrahim; Wang, Zhencheng; Marolf, Donald(
, Journal of High Energy Physics)
null
(Ed.)
A bstract We generalize the Gao-Jafferis-Wall construction of traversable two-sided wormholes to multi-boundary wormholes. In our construction, we take the background spacetime to be multi-boundary black holes in AdS 3 . We work in the hot limit where the dual CFT state in certain regions locally resembles the thermofield double state. Furthermore, in these regions, the hot limit makes the causal shadow exponentially small. Based on these two features of the hot limit, and with the three-boundary wormhole as our main example, we show that traversability between any two asymptotic regions in a multi-boundary wormhole can be triggered using a double-trace deformation. In particular, the two boundary regions need not have the same temperature and angular momentum. We discuss the non-trivial angular dependence of traversability in our construction, as well as the effect of the causal shadow region.
Penington, Geoff; Shenker, Stephen H.; Stanford, Douglas; Yang, Zhenbin(
, Journal of High Energy Physics)
A<sc>bstract</sc>
Recent work has shown how to obtain the Page curve of an evaporating black hole from holographic computations of entanglement entropy. We show how these computations can be justified using the replica trick, from geometries with a spacetime wormhole connecting the different replicas. In a simple model, we study the Page transition in detail by summing replica geometries with different topologies. We compute related quantities in less detail in more complicated models, including JT gravity coupled to conformal matter and the SYK model. Separately, we give a direct gravitational argument for entanglement wedge reconstruction using an explicit formula known as the Petz map; again, a spacetime wormhole plays an important role. We discuss an interpretation of the wormhole geometries as part of some ensemble average implicit in the gravity description.
By leveraging shared entanglement between a pair of qubits, one can teleport a quantum state from one particle to another. Recent advances have uncovered an intrinsically many-body generalization of quantum teleportation, with an elegant and surprising connection to gravity. In particular, the teleportation of quantum information relies on many-body dynamics, which originate from strongly-interacting systems that are holographically dual to gravity; from the gravitational perspective, such quantum teleportation can be understood as the transmission of information through a traversable wormhole. Here, we propose and analyze a new mechanism for many-body quantum teleportation -- dubbed peaked-size teleportation. Intriguingly, peaked-size teleportation utilizes precisely the same type of quantum circuit as traversable wormhole teleportation, yet has a completely distinct microscopic origin: it relies upon the spreading of local operators under generic thermalizing dynamics and not gravitational physics. We demonstrate the ubiquity of peaked-size teleportation, both analytically and numerically, across a diverse landscape of physical systems, including random unitary circuits, the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model (at high temperatures), one-dimensional spin chains and a bulk theory of gravity with stringy corrections. Our results pave the way towards using many-body quantum teleportation as a powerful experimental tool for: (i) characterizing the size distributions of operators in strongly-correlated systems and (ii) distinguishing between generic and intrinsically gravitational scrambling dynamics. To this end, we provide a detailed experimental blueprint for realizing many-body quantum teleportation in both trapped ions and Rydberg atom arrays; effects of decoherence and experimental imperfections are analyzed.
Dong, Xi; Qi, Xiao-Liang; Shangnan, Zhou; Yang, Zhenbin(
, Journal of High Energy Physics)
null
(Ed.)
A bstract Entanglement entropy, or von Neumann entropy, quantifies the amount of uncertainty of a quantum state. For quantum fields in curved space, entanglement entropy of the quantum field theory degrees of freedom is well-defined for a fixed background geometry. In this paper, we propose a generalization of the quantum field theory entanglement entropy by including dynamical gravity. The generalized quantity named effective entropy, and its Renyi entropy generalizations, are defined by analytic continuation of a replica calculation. The replicated theory is defined as a gravitational path integral with multiple copies of the original boundary conditions, with a co-dimension-2 brane at the boundary of region we are studying. We discuss different approaches to define the region in a gauge invariant way, and show that the effective entropy satisfies the quantum extremal surface formula. When the quantum fields carry a significant amount of entanglement, the quantum extremal surface can have a topology transition, after which an entanglement island region appears. Our result generalizes the Hubeny-Rangamani-Takayanagi formula of holographic entropy (with quantum corrections) to general geometries without asymptotic AdS boundary, and provides a more solid framework for addressing problems such as the Page curve of evaporating black holes in asymptotic flat spacetime. We apply the formula to two example systems, a closed two-dimensional universe and a four-dimensional maximally extended Schwarzchild black hole. We discuss the analog of the effective entropy in random tensor network models, which provides more concrete understanding of quantum information properties in general dynamical geometries. We show that, in absence of a large boundary like in AdS space case, it is essential to introduce ancilla that couples to the original system, in order for correctly characterizing quantum states and correlation functions in the random tensor network. Using the superdensity operator formalism, we study the system with ancilla and show how quantum information in the entanglement island can be reconstructed in a state-dependent and observer-dependent map. We study the closed universe (without spatial boundary) case and discuss how it is related to open universe.
Ellis, G F; Garfinkle, D(
, Classical and Quantum Gravity)
Abstract
Unphysical equations of state result from the unrestricted use of the Synge G-trick of running the Einstein field equations backwards; in particular often this results inwhich implies negative inertial mass density, which does not occur in reality. This is the basis of some unphysical spacetime models including phantom energy in cosmology and traversable wormholes. The slogan ‘ER = EPR’ appears to have no basis in physics and is merely the result of vague and unbridled speculation. Wormholes (the ‘ER’ of the slogan) are a mathematical curiosity of general relativity that have little to no application to a description of our Universe. In contrast quantum correlations (the ‘EPR’ of the slogan) are a fundamental property of quantum mechanics that follows from the principle of superposition and is true regardless of the properties of gravity. The speculative line of thought that led to ‘ER = EPR’ is part of a current vogue for anti-geometrical thinking that runs counter to (and threatens to erase) the great geometrical insights of the global structure program of general relativity.
Emparan, Roberto, Grado-White, Brianna, Marolf, Donald, and Tomašević, Marija. Multi-mouth traversable wormholes. Retrieved from https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10293130. Journal of High Energy Physics 2021.5 Web. doi:10.1007/JHEP05(2021)032.
@article{osti_10293130,
place = {Country unknown/Code not available},
title = {Multi-mouth traversable wormholes},
url = {https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10293130},
DOI = {10.1007/JHEP05(2021)032},
abstractNote = {A bstract We describe the construction of traversable wormholes with multiple mouths in four spacetime dimensions and discuss associated quantum entanglement. Our wormholes may be traversed between any pair of mouths. In particular, in the three-mouth case they have fundamental group F 2 (the free group on two generators). By contrast, connecting three regions A, B, C in pairs ( AB , BC , and AC ) using three separate wormholes would give fundamental group F 3 . Our solutions are asymptotically flat up to the presence of possible magnetic fluxes or cosmic strings that extend to infinity. The construction begins with a two-mouth traversable wormhole supported by backreaction from quantum fields. Inserting a sufficiently small black hole into its throat preserves traversability between the original two mouths. This black hole is taken to be the mouth of another wormhole connecting the original throat to a new distant region of spacetime. Making the new wormhole traversable in a manner similar to the original two-mouth wormhole provides the desired causal connections. From a dual field theory point of view, when AdS asymptotics are added to our construction, multiparty entanglement may play an important role in the traversability of the resulting wormhole.},
journal = {Journal of High Energy Physics},
volume = {2021},
number = {5},
author = {Emparan, Roberto and Grado-White, Brianna and Marolf, Donald and Tomašević, Marija},
editor = {null}
}
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