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1. Khintchine-type recurrence for 3-point configurations

   https://doi.org/10.1017/fms.2022.97  

   Ackelsberg, Ethan ; Bergelson, Vitaly ; Shalom, Or ( January 2022 , Forum of Mathematics, Sigma)

   Abstract The goal of this paper is to generalise, refine and improve results on large intersections from [2, 8]. We show that if G is a countable discrete abelian group and $\varphi , \psi : G \to G$ are homomorphisms, such that at least two of the three subgroups $\varphi (G)$ , $\psi (G)$ and $(\psi -\varphi )(G)$ have finite index in G , then $\{\varphi , \psi \}$ has the large intersections property . That is, for any ergodic measure preserving system $\textbf {X}=(X,\mathcal {X},\mu ,(T_g)_{g\in G})$ , any $A\in \mathcal {X}$ and any $\varepsilon>0$ , the set $$ \begin{align*} \{g\in G : \mu(A\cap T_{\varphi(g)}^{-1} A \cap T_{\psi(g)}^{-1} A)>\mu(A)^3-\varepsilon\} \end{align*} $$ is syndetic (Theorem 1.11). Moreover, in the special case where $\varphi (g)=ag$ and $\psi (g)=bg$ for $a,b\in \mathbb {Z}$ , we show that we only need one of the groups $aG$ , $bG$ or $(b-a)G$ to be of finite index in G (Theorem 1.13), and we show that the property fails, in general, if all three groups are of infinite index (Theorem 1.14). One particularly interesting case is where $G=(\mathbb {Q}_{>0},\cdot )$ and $\varphi (g)=g$ , $\psi (g)=g^2$ , which leads to a multiplicative version of the Khintchine-type recurrence result in [8]. We also completely characterise the pairs of homomorphisms $\varphi ,\psi $ that have the large intersections property when $G = {{\mathbb Z}}^2$ . The proofs of our main results rely on analysis of the structure of the universal characteristic factor for the multiple ergodic averages $$ \begin{align*} \frac{1}{|\Phi_N|} \sum_{g\in \Phi_N}T_{\varphi(g)}f_1\cdot T_{\psi(g)} f_2. \end{align*} $$ In the case where G is finitely generated, the characteristic factor for such averages is the Kronecker factor . In this paper, we study actions of groups that are not necessarily finitely generated, showing, in particular, that, by passing to an extension of $\textbf {X}$ , one can describe the characteristic factor in terms of the Conze–Lesigne factor and the $\sigma $ -algebras of $\varphi (G)$ and $\psi (G)$ invariant functions (Theorem 4.10). 

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2. Common preperiodic points for quadratic polynomials

   https://doi.org/10.3934/jmd.2022012  

   DeMarco, Laura ; Krieger, Holly ; Ye, Hexi ( January 2022 , Journal of Modern Dynamics)

   Let \begin{document}$ f_c(z) = z^2+c $\end{document} for \begin{document}$ c \in {\mathbb C} $\end{document}. We show there exists a uniform upper bound on the number of points in \begin{document}$ {\mathbb P}^1( {\mathbb C}) $\end{document} that can be preperiodic for both \begin{document}$ f_{c_1} $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ f_{c_2} $\end{document}, for any pair \begin{document}$ c_1\not = c_2 $\end{document} in \begin{document}$ {\mathbb C} $\end{document}. The proof combines arithmetic ingredients with complex-analytic: we estimate an adelic energy pairing when the parameters lie in \begin{document}$ \overline{\mathbb{Q}} $\end{document}, building on the quantitative arithmetic equidistribution theorem of Favre and Rivera-Letelier, and we use distortion theorems in complex analysis to control the size of the intersection of distinct Julia sets. The proofs are effective, and we provide explicit constants for each of the results.

    

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3. Cosets of Free Field Algebras via Arc Spaces

   https://doi.org/10.1093/imrn/rnac367  

   Linshaw, Andrew R. ; Song, Bailin ( January 2023 , International Mathematics Research Notices)

   Using the invariant theory of arc spaces, we find minimal strong generating sets for certain cosets of affine vertex algebras inside free field algebras that are related to classical Howe duality. These results have several applications. First, for any vertex algebra ${{\mathcal {V}}}$, we have a surjective homomorphism of differential algebras $\mathbb {C}[J_{\infty }(X_{{{\mathcal {V}}}})] \rightarrow \text {gr}^{F}({{\mathcal {V}}})$; equivalently, the singular support of ${{\mathcal {V}}}$ is a closed subscheme of the arc space of the associated scheme $X_{{{\mathcal {V}}}}$. We give many new examples of classically free vertex algebras (i.e., this map is an isomorphism), including $L_{k}({{\mathfrak {s}}}{{\mathfrak {p}}}_{2n})$ for all positive integers $n$ and $k$. We also give new examples where the kernel of this map is nontrivial but is finitely generated as a differential ideal. Next, we prove a coset realization of the subregular ${{\mathcal {W}}}$-algebra of ${{\mathfrak {s}}}{{\mathfrak {l}}}_{n}$ at a critical level that was previously conjectured by Creutzig, Gao, and the 1st author. Finally, we give some new level-rank dualities involving affine vertex superalgebras.

    

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4. On realizations of the subalgebra 𝒜^{ℝ}(1) of the ℝ-motivic Steenrod algebra

   https://doi.org/10.1090/btran/114  

   Bhattacharya, P. ; Guillou, B. ; Li, A. ( July 2022 , Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, Series B)

   In this paper, we show that the finite subalgebra A R ( 1 ) \mathcal {A}^\mathbb {R}(1) , generated by S q 1 \mathrm {Sq}^1 and S q 2 \mathrm {Sq}^2 , of the R \mathbb {R} -motivic Steenrod algebra A R \mathcal {A}^\mathbb {R} can be given 128 different A R \mathcal {A}^\mathbb {R} -module structures. We also show that all of these A \mathcal {A} -modules can be realized as the cohomology of a 2 2 -local finite R \mathbb {R} -motivic spectrum. The realization results are obtained using an R \mathbb {R} -motivic analogue of the Toda realization theorem. We notice that each realization of A R ( 1 ) \mathcal {A}^\mathbb {R}(1) can be expressed as a cofiber of an R \mathbb {R} -motivic v 1 v_1 -self-map. The C 2 {\mathrm {C}_2} -equivariant analogue of the above results then follows because of the Betti realization functor. We identify a relationship between the R O ( C 2 ) \mathrm {RO}({\mathrm {C}_2}) -graded Steenrod operations on a C 2 {\mathrm {C}_2} -equivariant space and the classical Steenrod operations on both its underlying space and its fixed-points. This technique is then used to identify the geometric fixed-point spectra of the C 2 {\mathrm {C}_2} -equivariant realizations of A C 2 ( 1 ) \mathcal {A}^{\mathrm {C}_2}(1) . We find another application of the R \mathbb {R} -motivic Toda realization theorem: we produce an R \mathbb {R} -motivic, and consequently a C 2 {\mathrm {C}_2} -equivariant, analogue of the Bhattacharya-Egger spectrum Z \mathcal {Z} , which could be of independent interest. 

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5. Maps from Feigin and Odesskii's elliptic algebras to twisted homogeneous coordinate rings

   https://doi.org/10.1017/fms.2020.60  

   Chirvasitu, Alex ; Kanda, Ryo ; Smith, S. Paul ( January 2021 , Forum of Mathematics, Sigma)

   null (Ed.)

   Abstract The elliptic algebras in the title are connected graded $\mathbb {C}$ -algebras, denoted $Q_{n,k}(E,\tau )$ , depending on a pair of relatively prime integers $n>k\ge 1$ , an elliptic curve E and a point $\tau \in E$ . This paper examines a canonical homomorphism from $Q_{n,k}(E,\tau )$ to the twisted homogeneous coordinate ring $B(X_{n/k},\sigma ',\mathcal {L}^{\prime }_{n/k})$ on the characteristic variety $X_{n/k}$ for $Q_{n,k}(E,\tau )$ . When $X_{n/k}$ is isomorphic to $E^g$ or the symmetric power $S^gE$ , we show that the homomorphism $Q_{n,k}(E,\tau ) \to B(X_{n/k},\sigma ',\mathcal {L}^{\prime }_{n/k})$ is surjective, the relations for $B(X_{n/k},\sigma ',\mathcal {L}^{\prime }_{n/k})$ are generated in degrees $\le 3$ and the noncommutative scheme $\mathrm {Proj}_{nc}(Q_{n,k}(E,\tau ))$ has a closed subvariety that is isomorphic to $E^g$ or $S^gE$ , respectively. When $X_{n/k}=E^g$ and $\tau =0$ , the results about $B(X_{n/k},\sigma ',\mathcal {L}^{\prime }_{n/k})$ show that the morphism $\Phi _{|\mathcal {L}_{n/k}|}:E^g \to \mathbb {P}^{n-1}$ embeds $E^g$ as a projectively normal subvariety that is a scheme-theoretic intersection of quadric and cubic hypersurfaces. 

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