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1. Diffusive titanium isotope fractionation in silicate melts

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2024.119176  

   Zhou, Siyang; Zhang, Youxue; Kita, Noriko T (February 2025, Earth and Planetary Science Letters)
2. Fluid-mineral titanium isotope fractionation: Computational and empirical results with implications for mineral deposits

   Emproto, C; Mathur, R; Sun, M; Simon, AC; Godfrey, L (February 2025, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta)

   Titanium (Ti) typically exhibits low mobility in geologic fluids due to the low aqueous solubility of common (Fe-)Ti oxide minerals. Consequently, Ti isotope variations (δ49/47Ti, given as δ49Ti) in geologic systems are primarily attributed to magmatic differentiation. Thus, the potential for fluid-mineral fractionation has received less attention. However, ligand-rich fluids are capable of mobilizing Ti as observed in natural systems and laboratory studies. As hydrothermal ore mineralization is commonly associated with ligand-rich brines capable of transporting significant quantities of metals, Ti isotopes may aid in understanding mineralization and alteration in complex hydrothermal systems. Here we present data from computational modeling of various Ti coordination complexes theorized to exist in geologic systems and/or under relevant experimental conditions as well as computed fractionation factors for various Ti-bearing crystalline phases to investigate the basic mechanics of equilibrium fluid-mineral Ti isotope fractionation. These results indicate that equilibrium fluid-mineral Ti isotope exchange between our modeled Ti complexes and phases with 6-coordinated Ti is predicted to generally lead to enrichment of heavy Ti isotopes in the fluid. Because minerals with 6-coordinated Ti (such as magnetite and ilmenite) are the most important reservoirs of Ti in the solid Earth, Ti isotope equilibration between terrestrial rocks and fluids can be generalized to enrich the fluid in heavy Ti isotopes. We also performed magnetite-ülvospinel leaching experiments to investigate fluid-mineral Ti isotope fractionation in this phase. Mineral leaching experiments varying acid strength, leaching temperature, and reaction time with HCl and HF qualitatively support the prediction that the fluid phase will become enriched in heavy Ti isotopes during fluid-mineral interactions that approach equilibrium with Ti-rich magnetite. Additionally, the leaching data also suggest that the fluid becomes slightly enriched in lighter Ti isotopes when Ti exchange is limited—potentially due to kinetic effects. Therefore, magnetite from natural systems may be depleted in heavy Ti isotopes during regenerative mineral replacement involving equilibration with fluids or may possibly become depleted in light Ti isotopes under a kinetic fractionation regime—leading to mineral δ49Ti values that are insufficiently explained by magmatic differentiation or inter-mineral fractionation. These results are a first look at fluid-mineral interactions that may affect Ti isotope fractionation in hydrothermal mineral systems, and Ti isotopes should be further studied as a potential method of understanding aqueous metal transport and tracing alteration in mineral deposits. 

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3. Pathways to Titanium Martensite

   https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-022-02559-9  

   Zheng, Yufeng; Banerjee, Rajarshi; Wang, Yunzhi; Fraser, Hamish; Banerjee, Dipankar (April 2022, Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals)
4. Carbon-based nanocomposite yarns reinforced with titanium carbide formed by internally reacted titanium and graphene

   https://doi.org/10.1557/s43579-023-00512-5  

   Sharifi, S.; Shohan, R.; Hobosyan, M. A.; Lamichhane, U.; Chipara, M.; Mkhoyan, K. A.; Zakhidov, A.; Wang, Z.; Baughman, R. H.; Martirosyan, K. S. (April 2024, MRS Communications)
5. A Chemical Separation and Measuring Technique for Titanium Isotopes for Titanium Ores and Iron-Rich Minerals

   https://doi.org/10.3390/min12050644  

   Mathur, Ryan; Emproto, Christopher; Simon, Adam C.; Godfrey, Linda; Knaack, Charles; Vervoort, Jeffery D. (May 2022, Minerals)

   Ti-isotope fractionation on the most Ti-rich minerals on Earth has not been reported. Therefore, we present a chemical preparation and separation technique for Ti-rich minerals for mineralogic, petrologic, and economic geologic studies. A two-stage ion-exchange column procedure modified from the previous literature is used in the current study to separate Ti from Fe-rich samples, while α-TiO2 does not require chemical separation. Purified solutions in conjunction with solution standards were measured on two different instruments with dry plasma and medium-resolution mode providing mass-dependent results with the lowest errors. 49/47TiOL-Ti for the solution and solids analyzed here demonstrate a range of >5‰ far greater than the whole procedural 1 error of 0.10‰ for a synthetic compound and 0.07‰ for the mineral magnetite; thus, the procedure produces results is resolvable within the current range of measured Ti-isotope fractionation in these minerals. 

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