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1. Comparing Discharge Estimates Made via the BAM Algorithm in High‐Order Arctic Rivers Derived Solely From Optical CubeSat, Landsat, and Sentinel‐2 Data

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR025599  

   Feng, Dongmei; Gleason, Colin J.; Yang, Xiao; Pavelsky, Tamlin M. (September 2019, Water Resources Research)

   Abstract Conventional satellite platforms are limited in their ability to monitor rivers at fine spatial and temporal scales: suffering from unavoidable trade‐offs between spatial and temporal resolutions. CubeSat constellations, however, can provide global data at high spatial and temporal resolutions, albeit with reduced spectral information. This study provides a first assessment of using CubeSat data for river discharge estimation in both gauged and ungauged settings. Discharge was estimated for 11 Arctic rivers with sizes ranging from 16 to >1,000 m wide using the Bayesian at‐many‐stations hydraulic geometry‐Manning algorithm (BAM). BAM‐at‐many‐stations hydraulic geometry solves for hydraulic geometry parameters to estimate flow and requires only river widths as input. Widths were retrieved from Landsat 8 and Sentinel‐2 data sets and a CubeSat (the Planet company) data set, as well as their fusions. Results show satellite data fusion improves discharge estimation for both large (>100 m wide) and medium (40–100 m wide) rivers by increasing the number of days with a discharge estimation by a factor of 2–6 without reducing accuracy. Narrow rivers (<40 m wide) are too small for Landsat and Sentinel‐2 data sets, and their discharge is also not well estimated using CubeSat data alone, likely because the four‐band sensor cannot resolve water surfaces accurately enough. BAM technique outperforms space‐based rating curves when gauge data are available, and its accuracy is acceptable when no gauge data are present (instead relying on global reanalysis for discharge priors). Ultimately, we conclude that the data fusion presented here is a viable approach toward improving discharge estimates in the Arctic, even in ungauged basins. 

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2. Trials and Terminations: Learning from Competitors’ R&D Failures

   https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2020.3775  

   Krieger, Joshua L. (September 2021, Management Science)

   I analyze project continuation decisions where firms may resolve uncertainty through news about competitors’ research and development (R&D) failures, as well as through their own results. I examine the tradeoffs and interactions between product-market competition and technological learning from parallel R&D projects. Leveraging the biopharmaceutical industry’s unique characteristics to overcome barriers to measuring project-level responses, I use a difference-in-differences strategy to evaluate how competitor exit news alters a firm’s own project discontinuation decisions. The findings reveal that technological learning dominates competition effects. Firms are most sensitive to competitor failure news from within the same market and same technology area—more than doubling their propensity to terminate drug development projects in the wake of this type of information. Finally, I explore how levels of competition, uncertainty, and opportunities to learn moderate the response to competitor failure news. This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy. 

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3. BAM1/2 receptor kinase signaling drives CLE peptide-mediated formative cell divisions in Arabidopsis roots

   https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2018565117  

   Crook, Ashley D.; Willoughby, Andrew C.; Hazak, Ora; Okuda, Satohiro; VanDerMolen, Kylie R.; Soyars, Cara L.; Cattaneo, Pietro; Clark, Natalie M.; Sozzani, Rosangela; Hothorn, Michael; et al (December 2020, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)

   null (Ed.)

   Cell division is often regulated by extracellular signaling networks to ensure correct patterning during development. In Arabidopsis , the SHORT-ROOT (SHR)/SCARECROW (SCR) transcription factor dimer activates CYCLIND6 ; 1 ( CYCD6;1 ) to drive formative divisions during root ground tissue development. Here, we show plasma-membrane-localized BARELY ANY MERISTEM1/2 (BAM1/2) family receptor kinases are required for SHR -dependent formative divisions and CYCD6;1 expression, but not SHR -dependent ground tissue specification. Root-enriched CLE ligands bind the BAM1 extracellular domain and are necessary and sufficient to activate SHR -mediated divisions and CYCD6;1 expression. Correspondingly, BAM-CLE signaling contributes to the restriction of formative divisions to the distal root region. Additionally, genetic analysis reveals that BAM-CLE and SHR converge to regulate additional cell divisions outside of the ground tissues. Our work identifies an extracellular signaling pathway regulating formative root divisions and provides a framework to explore this pathway in patterning and evolution. 

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4. The Impact of Combining Coaching and Mentoring Skills for Successful ATE Grant Proposal Development

   Huffman_de_Belón, Barbara; Hawthorne, Elizabeth K (March 2024, Journal of Advanced Technological Education)

   This article describes how combining coaching techniques with mentoring skills can positively impact the quality of grant proposals submitted to the National Science Foundation Advanced Technological Education (NSF ATE). The research findings are based on (1) a foundational pilot study conducted through the National CyberWatch Center that ended in October 2020 and (2) an independent follow-on mentoring project named Fortifying Cybersecurity and Computing Education through ATE Grants (FORCCE-ATE) mentoring project. The FORCCE-ATE model is differentiated from other ATE mentoring initiatives in the method that college faculty mentors are trained with fundamental coaching skills reinforced through multiple practicum sessions (triads). An iterative approach was used to improve the mentor-coach training each year of the project continuously. The mentor-coaches applied their blended mentoring-coaching skills to develop competitive NSF ATE proposals when working with their community college teams. Qualitative data was collected and analyzed by an experienced, independent project evaluator. The evaluator’s results show that training mentors with the coaching skills of careful listening and probing questions improves communication and rapport among mentor-coach and mentee team members. 

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5. A Novel Spinel Ferrite-Hexagonal Ferrite Composite for Enhanced Magneto-Electric Coupling in a Bilayer with PZT

   https://doi.org/10.3390/s23249815  

   Saha, Sujoy; Acharya, Sabita; Popov, Maksym; Sauyet, Theodore; Pfund, Jacob; Bidthanapally, Rao; Jain, Menka; Page, Michael R; Srinivasan, Gopalan (December 2023, Sensors)

   The magnetoelectric effect (ME) is an important strain mediated-phenomenon in a ferromagnetic-piezoelectric composite for a variety of sensors and signal processing devices. A bias magnetic field, in general, is essential to realize a strong ME coupling in most composites. Magnetic phases with (i) high magnetostriction for strong piezomagnetic coupling and (ii) large anisotropy field that acts as a built-in bias field are preferred so that miniature, ME composite-based devices can operate without the need for an external magnetic field. We are able to realize such a magnetic phase with a composite of (i) barium hexaferrite (BaM) with high magnetocrystalline anisotropy field and (ii) nickel ferrite (NFO) with high magnetostriction. The BNx composites, with (100 − x) wt.% of BaM and x wt.% NFO, for x = 0–100, were prepared. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the composites did not contain any impurity phases. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that, with an increase in NFO content, hexagonal BaM grains become prominent, leading to a large anisotropy field. The room temperature saturation magnetization showed a general increase with increasing BaM content in the composites. NFO rich composites with x ≥ 60 were found to have a large magnetostriction value of around −23 ppm, comparable to pure NFO. The anisotropy field HA of the composites, determined from magnetization and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements, increased with increasing NFO content and reached a maximum of 7.77 kOe for x = 75. The BNx composite was cut into rectangular platelets and bonded with PZT to form the bilayers. ME voltage coefficient (MEVC) measurements at low frequencies and at mechanical resonance showed strong coupling at zero bias for samples with x ≥ 33. This large in-plane HA acted as a built-in field for strong ME effects under zero external bias in the bilayers. The highest zero-bias MEVC of ~22 mV/cm Oe was obtained for BN75-PZT bilayers wherein BN75 also has the highest HA. The Bilayer of BN95-PZT showed a maximum MEVC ~992 mV/cm Oe at electromechanical resonance at 59 kHz. The use of hexaferrite–spinel ferrite composite to achieve strong zero-bias ME coupling in bilayers with PZT is significant for applications related to energy harvesting, sensors, and high frequency devices. 

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