More Like this

1. Assessing Computational Thinking Skills in Early Elementary Students: A Focus on Sequencing Tasks

   Wafula, Z ; Tank, K ; Moore, T ; Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A ; Fagundes, B ; Kim, J ( March 2024 , Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE))

   Cohen, J ; Solano, G (Ed.)

   The integration of Computational Thinking (CT) into K-12 education has gained significance in recent years as the field of education experiences the need to equip students with essential skills for the 21st century. This case study focused on two sequencing activities, involving plugged and unplugged tasks, conducted with four children aged four to seven, spanning pre-kindergarten to second grade. The central research question guiding the study was: "What computational thinking (CT) skills were demonstrated by K-2 students as they engaged in two different sequencing tasks?" The study identified competencies in sequencing, reverse sequencing, debugging, pattern recognition, and problem decomposition. The findings suggest that both unplugged and plugged sequencing tasks provide age-appropriate entry points for young children to develop various CT competencies. Furthermore, the study highlights the potential for plugged and unplugged sequencing tasks to be integrated into early childhood classroom activities, offering a practical approach to promoting CT skills in young learners. 

   more » « less
2. Investigating Sequencing as a Means to Computational Thinking in Young Children

   https://doi.org/10.21585/ijcses.v6i3.192  

   Tank, Kristina M ; Ottenbreit-Leftwich, Anne ; Moore, Tamara J ; Yang, Sohheon ; Wafula, Zarina ; Kim, Jiyoung ; Fagundes, Bárbara ; Chu, Lin ( May 2024 , International Journal of Computer Science Education in Schools)

   Within the field of K-2 CS education, unplugged computational thinking (CT) activities have been suggested as beneficial for younger students and shown to impact young students’ skills and motivation to learn about CS. This study sought to examine how children demonstrate CT competencies in unplugged sequencing tasks and how children use manipulatives to solve unplugged sequencing tasks. This case study approach examined two unplugged sequencing tasks for six children ranging from ages four to seven (pre-kindergarten to 2nd grade). Children showed evidence of several CT competencies during the sequencing tasks: (1) pattern recognition, (2) algorithms and procedures, (3) problem decomposition, and (4) debugging. The strategies and use of manipulatives to showcase CT competencies seemed to evolve in complexity based on age and developmental levels. Taking into account children’s abilities to demonstrate CT competencies, this study suggests that sequencing is a developmentally appropriate entry point for young children to begin engaging in other CT competencies. In addition, these unplugged sequencing tasks can also be easily integrated into other activities commonly experienced in early childhood classrooms. 

   more » « less
3. Workshops and Co-design Can Help Teachers Integrate Computational Thinking into Their K-12 STEM Classes

   Wu, S. ; Peel, A. ; Bain, C. ; Anton, G. ; Horn, M. ; Wilensky, U. ( April 2020 , Proceedings of International Conference on Computational Thinking Education 2020)

   Kong, S.C. (Ed.)

   This work aims to help high school STEM teachers integrate computational thinking (CT) into their classrooms by engaging teachers as curriculum co-designers. K-12 teachers who are not trained in computer science may not see the value of CT in STEM classrooms and how to engage their students in computational practices that reflect the practices of STEM professionals. To this end, we developed a 4-week professional development workshop for eight science and mathematics high school teachers to co-design computationally enhanced curriculum with our team of researchers. The workshop first provided an introduction to computational practices and tools for STEM education. Then, teachers engaged in co-design to enhance their science and mathematics curricula with computational practices in STEM. Data from surveys and interviews showed that teachers learned about computational thinking, computational tools, coding, and the value of collaboration after the professional development. Further, they were able to integrate multiple computational tools that engage their students in CT-STEM practices. These findings suggest that teachers can learn to use computational practices and tools through workshops, and that teachers collaborating with researchers in co-design to develop computational enhanced STEM curriculum may be a powerful way to engage students and teachers with CT in K-12 classrooms. 

   more » « less
4. Predicting Computational Thinking in Elementary Science Lessons Using a Multilevel Model Approach

   https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3136885  

   Pietros, Jennifer ; Shim, Minsuk ; Sweetman, Sara ( December 2023 , Education Research International)

   Yin, Shi (Ed.)

   Computational thinking (CT) is an essential problem-solving skill that students need to successfully live and work with developing technologies. There is an increasing call in the literature by researchers and policy leaders to integrate CT at the elementary level into core subjects to provide early and equitable access for all students. While some critics may claim the concepts and skills of CT are developmentally advanced for elementary age students, subjects such as science can provide real-world and relevant problems to which foundational CT components can be applied. By assessing how CT concepts and approaches integrate authentically into current science lessons, policymakers, and district leaders can be more intentional in supporting implementation efforts. This research used an exploratory survey design to examine the frequencies of CT concepts (decomposition, algorithms, abstraction, and pattern recognition) and approaches (tinkering, creating, debugging, perseverance, and collaboration) that exist in science in K–5 schools in a northeast state in the United States as reported by elementary science teachers (n = 259). Hierarchical linear modeling was used to analyze the influence of teacher and district factors on the amount of time CT concepts and approaches were integrated in the science lessons. Experience, grade level, confidence, and participation in a research–practice partnership were found to be significant predictors of CT. This study contributes to a better understanding of variables affecting CT teaching frequency that can be leveraged to impact reform efforts supporting CT integration in science.

    

   more » « less
5. Toward a Block-Based Programming Approach to Interactive Storytelling for Upper Elementary Students

   https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62516-0_10  

   Smith, Andy ; Mott, Bradford ; Taylor, Sandra ; Hubbard-Cheuoua, Aleata ; Minogue, James ; Oliver, Kevin ; Ringstaff, Cathy ( October 2020 , International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling)

   null (Ed.)

   Developing narrative and computational thinking skills is crucial for K-12 student learning. A growing number of K-12 teachers are utilizing digital storytelling, where students create short narratives around a topic, as a means of creating motivating problem-solving activities for a variety of domains, including history and science. At the same time, there is increasing awareness of the need to engage K-12 students in computational thinking, including elementary school students. Given the challenges that the syntax of text-based programming languages poses for even novice university-level learners, block-based programming languages have emerged as an effective tool for introducing computational thinking to elementary-level students. Leveraging the unique affordances of narrative and computational thinking offers significant potential for student learning; however, integrating them presents significant challenges. In this paper, we describe initial work toward solving this problem by introducing an approach to block-based programming for interactive storytelling to engage upper elementary students (ages 9 to 11) in computational thinking and narrative skill development. Leveraging design principles and best practices from prior research on elementary-grade block-based programming and digital storytelling, we propose a set of custom blocks enabling learners to create interactive narratives. We describe both the process used to derive the custom blocks, including their alignment with elements of interactive narrative and with specific computational thinking curricular goals, as well as lessons learned from students interacting with a prototype learning environment utilizing the block-based programming approach. 

   more » « less