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We give infinitely many examples of manifold-knot pairs (Y, J) such that Y bounds an integer homology ball, J does not bound a non-locally-flat PL-disk in any integer homology ball, but J does bound a smoothly embedded disk in a rational homology ball. The proof relies on formal properties of involutive Heegaard Floer homology.
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No ordinary proteins: Adsorption and molecular orientation of monoclonal antibodies
The interaction of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with air/water interfaces plays a crucial role in their overall stability in solution. We aim to understand this behavior using pendant bubble measurements to track the dynamic tension reduction and x-ray reflectivity to obtain the electron density profiles (EDPs) at the surface. Native immunoglobulin G mAb is a rigid molecule with a flat, “Y” shape, and simulated EDPs are obtained by rotating a homology construct at the surface. Comparing simulations with experimental EDPs, we obtain surface orientation probability maps showing mAbs transition from flat-on Y-shape configurations to side-on or end-on configurations with increasing concentration. The modeling also shows the presence of β sheets at the surface. Overall, the experiments and the homology modeling elucidate the orientational phase space during different stages of adsorption of mAbs at the air/water interface. These finding will help define new strategies for the manufacture and storage of antibody-based therapeutics.
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- PAR ID:
- 10316198
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Science Advances
- Volume:
- 7
- Issue:
- 35
- ISSN:
- 2375-2548
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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Abstract We consider manifold-knot pairs$$(Y,K)$$, whereYis a homology 3-sphere that bounds a homology 4-ball. We show that the minimum genus of a PL surface$$\Sigma $$in a homology ballX, such that$$\partial (X, \Sigma ) = (Y, K)$$can be arbitrarily large. Equivalently, the minimum genus of a surface cobordism in a homology cobordism from$$(Y, K)$$to any knot in$$S^3$$can be arbitrarily large. The proof relies on Heegaard Floer homology.more » « less
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg2873
