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1. Completely Multipolar Model for Many-Body Water–Ion and Ion–Ion Interactions

   https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c02940  

   Heindel, Joseph P; Kim, Lukas; Head-Gordon, Martin; Head-Gordon, Teresa (January 2025, The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters)
2. An open source ion gate pulser for ion mobility spectrometry

   https://doi.org/10.1007/s12127-017-0223-x  

   Garcia, Luke; Saba, Carolyn; Manocchio, Gabriela; Anderson, Gordon A.; Davis, Eric; Clowers, Brian H. (October 2017, International Journal for Ion Mobility Spectrometry)

   Excluding the ion source, an ion mobility spectrometer is fundamentally comprised of drift chamber, ion gate, pulsing electronics, and a mechanism for amplifying and recording ion signals. Historically, the solutions to each of these challenges have been custom and rarely replicated exactly. For the IMS research community few detailed resources exist that explicitly detail the construction and operation of ion mobility systems. In an effort to address this knowledge gap we outline a solution to one of the key aspects of a drift tube ion mobility system, the ion gate pulser. Bradbury-Nielsen or Tyndall ion gates are found in nearly every research-grade and commercial IMS system. While conceptually simple, these gate structures often require custom, high-voltage, floating electronics. In this report we detail the operation and performance characteristics of a wifi-enabled, MOSFET-based pulser design that uses a lithium-polymer battery and does not require high voltage isolation transformers. Currently, each output of this circuit follows a TTL signal with ~20 ns rise and fall times, pulses up to +/− 200 V, and is entirely isolated using fiber optics. Detailed schematics and source code are provided to enable continued use of robust pulsing electronics that ease experimental efforts for future comparison. 

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3. Ion Transport in Solvent-Free, Crosslinked, Single-Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolytes for Post-Lithium Ion Batteries

   https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries4020028  

   Elmore, Clay; Seidler, Morgan; Ford, Hunter; Merrill, Laura; Upadhyay, Sunil; Schneider, William; Schaefer, Jennifer (June 2018, Batteries)
4. Catalyzing zinc-ion intercalation in hydrated vanadates for aqueous zinc-ion batteries

   https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TA01468K  

   Liu, Chaofeng; Tian, Meng; Wang, Mingshan; Zheng, Jiqi; Wang, Shuhua; Yan, Mengyu; Wang, Zhaojie; Yin, Zhengmao; Yang, Jihui; Cao, Guozhong (April 2020, Journal of Materials Chemistry A)

   Hydrated vanadium pentoxide (VOH) can deliver a gravimetric capacity as high as 400 mA h g −1 owing to the variable valence states of the V cation from 5+ to 3+ in an aqueous zinc ion battery. The incorporation of divalent transition metal cations has been demonstrated to overcome the structural instability, sluggish kinetics, fast capacity degradation, and serious polarization. The current study reveals that the catalytic effects of transition metal cations are probably the key to the significantly improved electrochemical properties and battery performance because of the higher covalent character of 55% in the Cu–O bond in comparison with 32% in the Mg–O bond in the respective samples. Cu( ii ) pre-inserted VOH (CuVOH) possesses a significantly enhanced intercalation storage capacity, an increased discharge voltage, great transport properties, and reduced polarization, while both VOH and Mg( ii ) pre-inserted VOH (MgVOH) demonstrate similar electrochemical properties and performances, indicating that the incorporation of Mg cations has little or no impact. For example, CuVOH has a redox voltage gap of 0.02 V, much smaller than 0.25 V for VOH and 0.27 V for MgVOH. CuVOH shows an enhanced exchange current density of 0.23 A g −1 , compared to 0.20 A g −1 for VOH and 0.19 A g −1 for MgVOH. CuVOH delivers a zinc ion storage capacity of 379 mA h g −1 , higher than 349 mA h g −1 for MgVOH and 337 mA h g −1 for VOH at 0.5 A g −1 . CuVOH shows an energy efficiency of 72%, superior to 53% for VOH and 55% for MgVOH. All of the results suggest that pre-inserted Cu( ii ) cations played a critical role in catalyzing the zinc ion intercalation reaction, while the Mg( ii ) cations did not exert a detectable catalytic effect. 

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5. Principles of Ion Selection, Alignment, and Focusing in Tandem Ion Mobility Implemented Using Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations (SLIM)

   https://doi.org/10.1007/s13361-019-02170-1  

   Eaton, Rachel M.; Allen, Samuel J.; Bush, Matthew F. (January 2019, Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry)