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1. The bias of a two-dimensional view: comparing two-dimensional and three-dimensional mesophyll surface area estimates using noninvasive imaging

   https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14687  

   Théroux-Rancourt, Guillaume ; Earles, J. Mason ; Gilbert, Matthew E. ; Zwieniecki, Maciej A. ; Boyce, C. Kevin ; McElrone, Andrew J. ; Brodersen, Craig R. ( September 2017 , New Phytologist)
2. Comparisons between Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Fabric Characterizations Based on Scalar Parameters for Sands

   https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784482803.001  

   Sun, Quan ; Zheng, Junxing ( February 2020 , Geo-Congress 2020)

   Hambleton, J. P. (Ed.)

   Soil particles that have been deposited through water or air generally align their largest projected surface area normal to the depositional direction, which generates a cross-anisotropic fabric of granular soils. Researchers have used both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) images to determine scalar fabric parameters of granular soils, including void ratio, coordination number, and average branch vector length. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy and effectiveness of 2D images to characterize fabric in 3D soils based on scalar parameters. The X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) is used to reconstruct the 3D volumetric images of three air-pluviated sand specimens, including crushed limestone, Griffin sand, and glass beads. Then, six slices are obtained by vertically cutting the 3D volumetric image in an angle increment of 30 degrees. The 3D and 2D images are analyzed to determine scalar fabric parameters. The results show that coordination numbers and average branch vector lengths computed from 2D images underestimate these values in 3D granular soils. The void ratios computed from 2D images vary a large range depending on slicing directions, which cannot provide reliable fabric characterizations for 3D granular soils. 

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3. Two-Dimensional Transmission of Four-Dimensional LDPC-Coded Modulation with Slepian Sequences for DSP-Free 40 km Metro Network Applications

   https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051815  

   Han, Xiao ; Djordjevic, Ivan B. ( March 2022 , Sensors)

   The growing data demands are pushing researchers to pay more attention to spectrally efficient modulation formats. The four-dimensional (4D) signal constellation modulation format has been investigated for metro networks’ applications to achieve better power efficiency. To cope with such modulation formats, the requirement of better digital signal processing (DSP) is also increasing rapidly. More complicated DSPs bring us extra costs; thus, the DSP-free coherent receivers are also investigated because of the high-power consumption of conventional DSP-based receivers, but the transceivers upgrading also results in extra costs. In this invited paper we implement a 4-dimentional modulation format based on Slepian sequences. We applied LDPC coding and experimentally investigated the BER performance in a two-dimensional (2D) 40 km fiber link transmission and demonstrate that being error free is possible without employing the complicated DSP. We compared our proposed modulation scheme with regular 16QAM and found it outperforms 16QAM with DSP over back-to-back transmission by 3.8 dB improvement in OSNR when BER = 10−5, while over 40 km metro network communication link our proposed 4D modulation signals are still successfully transmitted, and the LDPC-coding still works properly with such a new transmission strategy. On the other hand, DSP-free transmission of LDPC-coded 16-QAM exhibits an early error floor phenomenon. 

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4. s -wave contacts of quantum gases in quasi-one-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional traps

   https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.100.012701  

   He, Mingyuan ; Zhou, Qi ( July 2019 , Physical Review A)
5. One-Dimensional/Two-Dimensional Coupling Approach with Quadrilateral Confluence Region for Modeling River Systems

   https://doi.org/10.1007/s10915-019-00985-4  

   Liu, Xin ; Chertock, Alina ; Kurganov, Alexander ; Wolfkill, Karlan ( December 2019 , Journal of Scientific Computing)