Educational VR may increase engagement and retention compared to traditional learning, for some topics or students. However, a student could still get distracted and disengaged due to stress, mind-wandering, unwanted noise, external alerts, etc. Student eye gaze can be useful for detecting distraction. For example, we previously considered gaze visualizations to help teachers understand student attention to better identify or guide distracted students. However, it is not practical for a teacher to monitor a large numbers of student indicators while teaching. To help filter students based on distraction level, we consider a deep learning approach to detect distraction from gaze data. The key aspects are: (1) we created a labeled eye gaze dataset (3.4M data points) from an educational VR environment, (2) we propose an automatic system to gauge a student's distraction level from gaze data, and (3) we apply and compare three deep neural classifiers for this purpose. A proposed CNN-LSTM classifier achieved an accuracy of 89.8\% for classifying distraction, per educational activity section, into one of three levels.
Supervised vs Unsupervised Learning on Gaze Data to Classify Student Distraction Level in an Educational VR Environment
Educational VR may help students by being more engaging or improving retention compared to traditional learning methods. However, a student can get distracted in a VR environment due to stress, mind-wandering, unwanted noise, external alerts, etc. Student eye gaze can be useful for detecting these distraction. We explore deep-learning-based approaches to detect distractions from gaze data. We designed an educational VR environment and trained three deep learning models (CNN, LSTM, and CNN-LSTM) to gauge a student’s distraction level from gaze data, using both supervised and unsupervised learning methods. Our results show that supervised learning provided better test accuracy compared to unsupervised learning methods.
- Award ID(s):
- 1815976
- Publication Date:
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10338215
- Journal Name:
- 2021 ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction
- Page Range or eLocation-ID:
- 1 to 2
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Publisher's Version of Record
- https://doi.org/10.1145/3485279.3488283
