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1. A hybrid NDN-IP Architecture for Live Video Streaming: A QoE Analysis

   https://doi.org/10.1109/ISM52913.2021.00032  

   Dasgupta, Ishita ; Shannigrahi, Susmit ; Zink, Michael ( November 2021 , IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia (ISM))

   With live video streaming becoming accessible in various applications on all client platforms, it is imperative to create a seamless and efficient distribution system that is flexible enough to choose from multiple Internet architectures best suited for video streaming (live, on-demand, AR). In this paper, we highlight the benefits of such a hybrid system for live video streaming as well as present a detailed analysis with the goal to provide a high quality of experience (QoE) for the viewer. For our hybrid architecture, video streaming is supported simultaneously over TCP/IP and Named Data Networking (NDN)-based architecture via operating system and networking virtualization techniques to design a flexible system that utilizes the benefits of these varying internet architectures. Also, to relieve users from the burden of installing a new protocol stack (in the case of NDN) on their devices, we developed a lightweight solution in the form of a container that includes the network stack as well as the streaming application. At the client, the required Internet architecture (TCP/IP versus NDN) can be selected in a transparent and adaptive manner. Based on a prototype we have designed and implemented maintaining efficient use of network resources, we demonstrate that in the case of live streaming, NDN achieves better QoE per client than IP and can also utilize higher than allocated bandwidth through in-network caching. Even without caching, our hybrid setup achieves better average bitrate over live video streaming services than its IP-only alternative. Furthermore, we present detailed analysis on ways adaptive video streaming with NDN can be further improved with respect to QoE. 

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2. Named-Data Transport: An End-to-End Approach for an Information-Centric IP Internet

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3405656.3418714  

   Albalawi, Abdulazaz ; Garcia-Luna-Aceves, J. J. ( September 2020 , ICN '20: Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Information-Centric Networking)

   Named-Data Transport (NDT) is introduced to provide efficient content delivery by name over the existing IP Internet. NDT consists of the integration of three end-to-end architectural components: The first connection-free reliable transport protocol, the Named-Data Transport Protocol (NDTP); minor extensions to the Domain Name System (DNS) to include records containing manifests describing content; and transparent caches that track pending requests for content. NDT uses receiver-driven requests (Interests) to request content and NDT proxies that provide transparent caching of content while enforcing privacy. The performance of NDT, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and Named-Data Networking (NDN) is compared using off-the-shelf implementations in the ns-3 simulator. The results demonstrate that NDT outperforms TCP and is as efficient as NDN, but without making any changes to the existing Internet routing infrastructure. 

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3. Application-based QoE support with P4 and OpenFlow

   Bhat, Divyashri ; Anderson, Jason ; Ruth, Paul ; Zink, Michael ; Keahey, Kate ( January 2019 , IEEE Conference on Computer Communications workshops)

   Although Software-Defined Wide Area Networks (SD-WANs) are now widely deployed in several production networks, they are largely restricted to traffic engineering ap- proaches based on layer 4 (L4) of the network protocol stack. Such approaches result in improved Quality-of-Service (QoS) of the network overall without necessarily focussing on the requirements of a specific application. However, the emergence of application protocols such as QUIC and HTTP/2 needs an in- vestigation of layer 5-based (L5) approaches in order to improve users’ Quality-of-Experience (QoE). In this paper, we leverage the capabilities of flexible, P4-based switches that incorporate protocol-independent packet processing in order to intelligently route traffic based on application headers. We use Adaptive Bit Rate (ABR) video streaming as an example to show how such an approach can not only provide flexible traffic management but also improve application QoE. Our evaluation consists of an actual deployment in a research testbed, Chameleon, where we leverage the benefits of fast paths in order to retransmit video segments in higher qualities. Further, we analyze real-world ABR streaming sessions from a large-scale CDN and show that our approach can successfully maximize QoE for all users in the dataset. 

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4. Connection-Free Reliable and Efficient Transport Services in the IP Internet

   https://doi.org/10.23919/CNSM50824.2020.9269115  

   Garcia-Luna-Aceves, J.J. ; Ali Albalawi, Abdulazaz ( November 2020 , 2020 16th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM))

   The Internet Transport Protocol (ITP) is introduced to support reliable end-to-end transport services in the IP Internet without the need for end-to-end connections, changes to the Internet routing infrastructure, or modifications to name-resolution services. Results from simulation experiments show that ITP outperforms the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Named Data Networking (NDN) architecture, which requires replacing the Internet Protocol (IP). In addition, ITP allows transparent content caching while enforcing privacy. 

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5. An NDN-Enabled Fog Radio Access Network Architecture With Distributed In-Network Caching

   Taki, Sifat Ut ; Mastorakis, Spyridon ( January 2023 , International Conference on Communications)

   To meet the increasing demands of next-generation cellular networks (e.g., 6G), advanced networking technologies must be incorporated. On one hand, the Fog Radio Access Network (F-RAN), has been proposed as an enhancement to the Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN). On the other hand, efficient network architectures, such as Named Data Networking (NDN), have been recognized as prominent Future Internet candidates. Nevertheless, the interplay between F-RAN and NDN warrants further investigation. In this paper, we propose an NDN-enabled F-RAN architecture featuring a strategy for distributed in-network caching. Through a simulation study, we demonstrate the superiority of the proposed in-network caching strategy in comparison with baseline caching strategies in terms of network resource utilization, cache hits, and front haul channel usage. 

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