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This article examines 152 reports the use of robots explicitly due to the COVID-19 pandemic reported in the science, trade, and press from 24 Jan 2021 to 23 Jan 2022 (Year 2) and compares with the previously published uses from 24 Jan 2020 to 23 Jan 2021 (Year 1). Of these 152 reports, 80 were new unique instances documented in 25 countries, bringing the total to 420 instances in 52 countries since 2020. The instances did not add new work domains or use cases, though they changed the relative ranking of three use cases. The most notable trend in Year was the shift from a) government or institutional use of robots to protect healthcare workers and the Public to b) personal and business use to enable the continuity of work and education. In Year 1, Public Safety, Clinical Care, and Continuity of Work and Education were the three highest work domains but in Year 2, Continuity of Work and Education had the highest number of instances.
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S4 Features and Artificial Intelligence for Designing a Robot against COVID-19—Robocov
Since the COVID-19 Pandemic began, there have been several efforts to create new technology to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic around the world. One of those efforts is to design a new task force, robots, to deal with fundamental goals such as public safety, clinical care, and continuity of work. However, those characteristics need new products based on features that create them more innovatively and creatively. Those products could be designed using the S4 concept (sensing, smart, sustainable, and social features) presented as a concept able to create a new generation of products. This paper presents a low-cost robot, Robocov, designed as a rapid response against the COVID-19 Pandemic at Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico, with implementations of artificial intelligence and the S4 concept for the design. Robocov can achieve numerous tasks using the S4 concept that provides flexibility in hardware and software. Thus, Robocov can impact positivity public safety, clinical care, continuity of work, quality of life, laboratory and supply chain automation, and non-hospital care. The mechanical structure and software development allow Robocov to complete support tasks effectively so Robocov can be integrated as a technological tool for achieving the new normality’s required conditions according to government regulations. Besides, the reconfiguration of the robot for moving from one task (robot for disinfecting) to another one (robot for detecting face masks) is an easy endeavor that only one operator could do. Robocov is a teleoperated system that transmits information by cameras and an ultrasonic sensor to the operator. In addition, pre-recorded paths can be executed autonomously. In terms of communication channels, Robocov includes a speaker and microphone. Moreover, a machine learning algorithm for detecting face masks and social distance is incorporated using a pre-trained model for the classification process. One of the most important contributions of this paper is to show how a reconfigurable robot can be designed under the S3 concept and integrate AI methodologies. Besides, it is important that this paper does not show specific details about each subsystem in the robot.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1828010
- PAR ID:
- 10344135
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Future Internet
- Volume:
- 14
- Issue:
- 1
- ISSN:
- 1999-5903
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 22
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14010022
