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   Ingebrand, Tyler; Thorpe, Adam J; Goswami, Somdatta; Kumar, Krishna; Topcu, Ufuk (February 2025, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering)

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   Integrin, as a mechanotransducer, establishes the mechanical reciprocity between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cells at integrin-mediated adhesion sites. This study used steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations to investigate the mechanical responses of integrinα_vβ₃with and without 10th type III fibronectin (FnIII₁₀) binding for tensile, bending and torsional loading conditions. The ligand-binding integrin confirmed the integrin activation during equilibration and altered the integrin dynamics by changing the interface interaction between β-tail, hybrid and epidermal growth factor domains during initial tensile loading. The tensile deformation in integrin molecules indicated that fibronectin ligand binding modulates its mechanical responses in the folded and unfolded conformation states. The bending deformation responses of extended integrin models reveal the change in behaviour of integrin molecules in the presence of Mn²⁺ion and ligand based on the application of force in the folding and unfolding directions of integrin. Furthermore, these SMD simulation results were used to predict the mechanical properties of integrin underlying the mechanism of integrin-based adhesion. The evaluation of integrin mechanics provides new insights into understanding the mechanotransmission (force transmission) between cells and ECM and contributes to developing an accurate model for integrin-mediated adhesion. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Supercomputing simulations of advanced materials’. 

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5. Evolutionary and Biomechanical Basis of Drumming Behavior in Woodpeckers

   https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.649146  

   Schuppe, Eric R.; Rutter, Amy R.; Roberts, Thomas J.; Fuxjager, Matthew J. (July 2021, Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution)

   null (Ed.)

   Understanding how and why behavioral traits diversify during the course of evolution is a longstanding goal of organismal biologists. Historically, this topic is examined from an ecological perspective, where behavioral evolution is thought to occur in response to selection pressures that arise through different social and environmental factors. Yet organismal physiology and biomechanics also play a role in this process by defining the types of behavioral traits that are more or less likely to arise. Our paper explores the interplay between ecological, physiological, and mechanical factors that shape the evolution of an elaborate display in woodpeckers called the drum. Individuals produce this behavior by rapidly hammering their bill on trees in their habitat, and it serves as an aggressive signal during territorial encounters. We describe how different components of the display—namely, speed (bill strikes/beats sec –1 ), length (total number of beats), and rhythm—differentially evolve likely in response to sexual selection by male-male competition, whereas other components of the display appear more evolutionarily static, possibly due to morphological or physiological constraints. We synthesize research related to principles of avian muscle physiology and ecology to guide inferences about the biomechanical basis of woodpecker drumming. Our aim is to introduce the woodpecker as an ideal study system to study the physiological basis of behavioral evolution and how it relates to selection born through different ecological factors. 

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