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(Ed.)
Engineering design is a continuous and iterative process, where early-stage decisions significantly impact subsequent design outcomes. This study investigates the influence of AIassistance during early stages of design on subsequent design stages and measures the change in both design outcomes and cognitive processing in the brain. Sixty undergraduate engineering students participated in a two-stage design task. Students were first asked to identify design constraints related to the sustainable redevelopment of a site on campus either using human imagination or utilizing generative AI to assist them. Students, in both groups, without the aid of generative AI, then developed conceptual design ideas for redevelopment. The results indicate that the AI-assisted group identified significantly more design constraints (p < 0.05) and subsequently without the aid of AI developed a greater number of design concepts related to environmental sustainability. Brain imaging analysis revealed that AI assistance reduced the neuro-cognitive effort during constraints identification and had a residual effect in reducing neuro-cognitive effort during the concept design phase, particularly in the right frontopolar prefrontal cortex – a region associated with complex, abstract thinking. These findings suggest that AI-assisted design can enhance design efficiency by optimizing reducing cognitive effort and improving early-stage design outcomes. Future research should explore human-AI collaboration strategies to maximize its benefits in engineering design workflows.
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