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In this work, we explore the effect of neutrino nonstandard interactions (NSI) involving the charm quark at SND@LHC. Using an effective description of new physics in terms of four-fermion operators involving a charm quark, we constrain the Wilson coefficients of the effective interaction from two and three-body charmed meson decays. In our fit, we include charmed meson decays not only to pseudoscalar final states but also to vector final states and include decays to the η and η′ final states. We also consider constraints from charmed baryon decays. We then study the effect of new physics in neutrino scattering processes, involving charm production at SND@LHC, for various benchmark new physics couplings obtained from the low energy fits. Finally, we also study the effects of lepton universality violation (LUV) assuming that the new physics coupling is not lepton universal.
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- NSF Public Access
- Search Results
- Test of lepton universality in beauty-quark decays
Title:
Test of lepton universality in beauty-quark decays
Abstract The standard model of particle physics currently provides our best description of fundamental particles and their interactions. The theory predicts that the different charged leptons, the electron, muon and tau, have identical electroweak interaction strengths. Previous measurements have shown that a wide range of particle decays are consistent with this principle of lepton universality. This article presents evidence for the breaking of lepton universality in beauty-quark decays, with a significance of 3.1 standard deviations, based on proton–proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider. The measurements are of processes in which a beauty meson transforms into a strange meson with the emission of either an electron and a positron, or a muon and an antimuon. If confirmed by future measurements, this violation of lepton universality would imply physics beyond the standard model, such as a new fundamental interaction between quarks and leptons.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2102879
- PAR ID:
- 10349065
- Author(s) / Creator(s):
- Aaij, R.; Beteta, C. Abellán; Ackernley, T.; Adeva, B.; Adinolfi, M.; Afsharnia, H.; Aidala, C. A.; Aiola, S.; Ajaltouni, Z.; Akar, S.; Albrecht, J.; Alessio, F.; Alexander, M.; Albero, A. Alfonso; Aliouche, Z.; Alkhazov, G.; Cartelle, P. Alvarez; Amato, S.; Amhis, Y.; An, L.more » ; Anderlini, L.; Andreianov, A.; Andreotti, M.; Archilli, F.; Artamonov, A.; Artuso, M.; Arzymatov, K.; Aslanides, E.; Atzeni, M.; Audurier, B.; Bachmann, S.; Bachmayer, M.; Back, J. J.; Rodriguez, P. Baladron; Balagura, V.; Baldini, W.; Leite, J. Baptista; Barlow, R. J.; Barsuk, S.; Barter, W.; Bartolini, M.; Baryshnikov, F.; Basels, J. M.; Bassi, G.; Batsukh, B.; Battig, A.; Bay, A.; Becker, M.; Bedeschi, F.; Bediaga, I.; Beiter, A.; Belavin, V.; Belin, S.; Bellee, V.; Belous, K.; Belov, I.; Belyaev, I.; Bencivenni, G.; Ben-Haim, E.; Berezhnoy, A.; Bernet, R.; Berninghoff, D.; Bernstein, H. C.; Bertella, C.; Bertolin, A.; Betancourt, C.; Betti, F.; Bezshyiko, Ia.; Bhasin, S.; Bhom, J.; Bian, L.; Bieker, M. S.; Bifani, S.; Billoir, P.; Birch, M.; Bishop, F. C.; Bitadze, A.; Bizzeti, A.; Bjørn, M.; Blago, M. P.; Blake, T.; Blanc, F.; Blusk, S.; Bobulska, D.; Boelhauve, J. A.; Garcia, O. Boente; Boettcher, T.; Boldyrev, A.; Bondar, A.; Bondar, N.; Borghi, S.; Borisyak, M.; Borsato, M.; Borsuk, J. T.; Bouchiba, S. A.; Bowcock, T. J.; Boyer, A.; Bozzi, C.; Bradley, M. J.; Braun, S.; Rodriguez, A. Brea; Brodski, M.; Brodzicka, J.; Gonzalo, A. Brossa; Brundu, D.; Buonaura, A.; Burr, C.; Bursche, A.; Butkevich, A.; Butter, J. S.; Buytaert, J.; Byczynski, W.; Cadeddu, S.; Cai, H.; Calabrese, R.; Calefice, L.; Diaz, L. Calero; Cali, S.; Calladine, R.; Calvi, M.; Gomez, M. Calvo; Magalhaes, P. Camargo; Camboni, A.; Campana, P.; Quezada, A. F.; Capelli, S.; Capriotti, L.; Carbone, A.; Carboni, G.; Cardinale, R.; Cardini, A.; Carli, I.; Carniti, P.; Carus, L.; Akiba, K. Carvalho; Vidal, A. Casais; Casse, G.; Cattaneo, M.; Cavallero, G.; Celani, S.; Cerasoli, J.; Chadwick, A. J.; Chapman, M. G.; Charles, M.; Charpentier, Ph.; Chatzikonstantinidis, G.; Barajas, C. A.; Chefdeville, M.; Chen, C.; Chen, S.; Chernov, A.; Chobanova, V.; Cholak, S.; Chrzaszcz, M.; Chubykin, A.; Chulikov, V.; Ciambrone, P.; Cicala, M. F.; Vidal, X. Cid; Ciezarek, G.; Clarke, P. E.; Clemencic, M.; Cliff, H. V.; Closier, J.; Cobbledick, J. L.; Coco, V.; Coelho, J. A.; Cogan, J.; Cogneras, E.; Cojocariu, L.; Collins, P.; Colombo, T.; Congedo, L.; Contu, A.; Cooke, N.; Coombs, G.; Corti, G.; Sobral, C. M.; Couturier, B.; Craik, D. C.; Crkovská, J.; Torres, M. Cruz; Currie, R.; Da Silva, C. L.; Dall’Occo, E.; Dalseno, J.; D’Ambrosio, C.; Danilina, A.; d’Argent, P.; Davis, A.; De Aguiar Francisco, O.; De Bruyn, K.; De Capua, S.; De Cian, M.; De Miranda, J. M.; De Paula, L.; De Serio, M.; De Simone, D.; De Simone, P.; de Vries, J. A.; Dean, C. T.; Decamp, D.; Del Buono, L.; Delaney, B.; Dembinski, H.-P.; Dendek, A.; Denysenko, V.; Derkach, D.; Deschamps, O.; Desse, F.; Dettori, F.; Dey, B.; Di Nezza, P.; Didenko, S.; Maronas, L. Dieste; Dijkstra, H.; Dobishuk, V.; Donohoe, A. M.; Dordei, F.; dos Reis, A. C.; Douglas, L.; Dovbnya, A.; Downes, A. G.; Dreimanis, K.; Dudek, M. W.; Dufour, L.; Duk, V.; Durante, P.; Durham, J. M.; Dutta, D.; Dziurda, A.; Dzyuba, A.; Easo, S.; Egede, U.; Egorychev, V.; Eidelman, S.; Eisenhardt, S.; Ek-In, S.; Eklund, L.; Ely, S.; Ene, A.; Epple, E.; Escher, S.; Eschle, J.; Esen, S.; Evans, T.; Falabella, A.; Fan, J.; Fan, Y.; Fang, B.; Farry, S.; Fazzini, D.; Féo, M.; Prieto, A. Fernandez; Arribas, J. M.; Fernez, A. D.; Ferrari, F.; Lopes, L. Ferreira; Rodrigues, F. Ferreira; Sole, S. Ferreres; Ferrillo, M.; Ferro-Luzzi, M.; Filippov, S.; Fini, R. A.; Fiorini, M.; Firlej, M.; Fischer, K. M.; Fitzgerald, D. S.; Fitzpatrick, C.; Fiutowski, T.; Fleuret, F.; Fontana, M.; Fontanelli, F.; Forty, R.; Lima, V. Franco; Sevilla, M. Franco; Frank, M.; Franzoso, E.; Frau, G.; Frei, C.; Friday, D. A.; Fu, J.; Fuehring, Q.; Funk, W.; Gabriel, E.; Gaintseva, T.; Torreira, A. Gallas; Galli, D.; Gambetta, S.; Gan, Y.; Gandelman, M.; Gandini, P.; Gao, Y.; Garau, M.; Martin, L. M.; Moreno, P. Garcia; Pardiñas, J. García; Plana, B. Garcia; Rosales, F. A.; Garrido, L.; Gaspar, C.; Geertsema, R. E.; Gerick, D.; Gerken, L. L.; Gersabeck, E.; Gersabeck, M.; Gershon, T.; Gerstel, D.; Ghez, Ph.; Gibson, V.; Giemza, H. K.; Giovannetti, M.; Gioventù, A.; Gironell, P. Gironella; Giubega, L.; Giugliano, C.; Gizdov, K.; Gkougkousis, E. L.; Gligorov, V. V.; Göbel, C.; Golobardes, E.; Golubkov, D.; Golutvin, A.; Gomes, A.; Fernandez, S. Gomez; Abrantes, F. Goncalves; Goncerz, M.; Gong, G.; Gorbounov, P.; Gorelov, I. V.; Gotti, C.; Govorkova, E.; Grabowski, J. P.; Grammatico, T.; Cardoso, L. A.; Graugés, E.; Graverini, E.; Graziani, G.; Grecu, A.; Greeven, L. M.; Griffith, P.; Grillo, L.; Gromov, S.; Cazon, B. R.; Gu, C.; Guarise, M.; Günther, P. A.; Gushchin, E.; Guth, A.; Guz, Y.; Gys, T.; Hadavizadeh, T.; Haefeli, G.; Haen, C.; Haimberger, J.; Halewood-leagas, T.; Hamilton, P. M.; Hammerich, J. P.; Han, Q.; Han, X.; Hancock, T. H.; Hansmann-Menzemer, S.; Harnew, N.; Harrison, T.; Hasse, C.; Hatch, M.; He, J.; Hecker, M.; Heijhoff, K.; Heinicke, K.; Hennequin, A. M.; Hennessy, K.; Henry, L.; Heuel, J.; Hicheur, A.; Hill, D.; Hilton, M.; Hollitt, S. E.; Hu, J.; Hu, J.; Hu, W.; Huang, W.; Huang, X.; Hulsbergen, W.; Hunter, R. J.; Hushchyn, M.; Hutchcroft, D.; Hynds, D.; Ibis, P.; Idzik, M.; Ilin, D.; Ilten, P.; Inglessi, A.; Ishteev, A.; Ivshin, K.; Jacobsson, R.; Jakobsen, S.; Jans, E.; Jashal, B. K.; Jawahery, A.; Jevtic, V.; Jezabek, M.; Jiang, F.; John, M.; Johnson, D.; Jones, C. R.; Jones, T. P.; Jost, B.; Jurik, N.; Kandybei, S.; Kang, Y.; Karacson, M.; Karpov, M.; Keizer, F.; Kenzie, M.; Ketel, T.; Khanji, B.; Kharisova, A.; Kholodenko, S.; Kirn, T.; Kirsebom, V. S.; Kitouni, O.; Klaver, S.; Klimaszewski, K.; Koliiev, S.; Kondybayeva, A.; Konoplyannikov, A.; Kopciewicz, P.; Kopecna, R.; Koppenburg, P.; Korolev, M.; Kostiuk, I.; Kot, O.; Kotriakhova, S.; Kravchenko, P.; Kravchuk, L.; Krawczyk, R. D.; Kreps, M.; Kress, F.; Kretzschmar, S.; Krokovny, P.; Krupa, W.; Krzemien, W.; Kucewicz, W.; Kucharczyk, M.; Kudryavtsev, V.; Kuindersma, H. S.; Kunde, G. J.; Kvaratskheliya, T.; Lacarrere, D.; Lafferty, G.; Lai, A.; Lampis, A.; Lancierini, D.; Lane, J. J.; Lane, R.; Lanfranchi, G.; Langenbruch, C.; Langer, J.; Lantwin, O.; Latham, T.; Lazzari, F.; Le Gac, R.; Lee, S. H.; Lefèvre, R.; Leflat, A.; Legotin, S.; Leroy, O.; Lesiak, T.; Leverington, B.; Li, H.; Li, L.; Li, P.; Li, S.; Li, Y.; Li, Y.; Li, Z.; Liang, X.; Lin, T.; Lindner, R.; Lisovskyi, V.; Litvinov, R.; Liu, G.; Liu, H.; Liu, S.; Liu, X.; Loi, A.; Castro, J. Lomba; Longstaff, I.; Lopes, J. H.; Lovell, G. H.; Lu, Y.; Lucchesi, D.; Luchuk, S.; Martinez, M. Lucio; Lukashenko, V.; Luo, Y.; Lupato, A.; Luppi, E.; Lupton, O.; Lusiani, A.; Lyu, X.; Ma, L.; Ma, R.; Maccolini, S.; Machefert, F.; Maciuc, F.; Macko, V.; Mackowiak, P.; Maddrell-Mander, S.; Madejczyk, O.; Mohan, L. R.; Maev, O.; Maevskiy, A.; Maisuzenko, D.; Majewski, M. W.; Malczewski, J. J.; Malde, S.; Malecki, B.; Malinin, A.; Maltsev, T.; Malygina, H.; Manca, G.; Mancinelli, G.; Manuzzi, D.; Marangotto, D.; Maratas, J.; Marchand, J. F.; Marconi, U.; Mariani, S.; Benito, C. Marin; Marinangeli, M.; Marks, J.; Marshall, A. M.; Marshall, P. J.; Martellotti, G.; Martinazzoli, L.; Martinelli, M.; Santos, D. Martinez; Vidal, F. Martinez; Massafferri, A.; Materok, M.; Matev, R.; Mathad, A.; Mathe, Z.; Matiunin, V.; Matteuzzi, C.; Mattioli, K. R.; Mauri, A.; Maurice, E.; Mauricio, J.; Mazurek, M.; McCann, M.; Mcconnell, L.; Mcgrath, T. H.; McNab, A.; McNulty, R.; Mead, J. V.; Meadows, B.; Meaux, C.; Meier, G.; Meinert, N.; Melnychuk, D.; Meloni, S.; Merk, M.; Merli, A.; Garcia, L. Meyer; Mikhasenko, M.; Milanes, D. A.; Millard, E.; Milovanovic, M.; Minard, M.-N.; Minotti, A.; Minzoni, L.; Mitchell, S. E.; Mitreska, B.; Mitzel, D. S.; Mödden, A.; Mohammed, R. A.; Moise, R. D.; Mombächer, T.; Monroy, I. A.; Monteil, S.; Morandin, M.; Morello, G.; Morello, M. J.; Moron, J.; Morris, A. B.; Morris, A. G.; Mountain, R.; Mu, H.; Muheim, F.; Mulder, M.; Müller, D.; Müller, K.; Murphy, C. H.; Murray, D.; Muzzetto, P.; Naik, P.; Nakada, T.; Nandakumar, R.; Nanut, T.; Nasteva, I.; Needham, M.; Neri, I.; Neri, N.; Neubert, S.; Neufeld, N.; Newcombe, R.; Nguyen, T. D.; Nguyen-Mau, C.; Niel, E. M.; Nieswand, S.; Nikitin, N.; Nolte, N. S.; Nunez, C.; Oblakowska-Mucha, A.; Obraztsov, V.; O’Hanlon, D. P.; Oldeman, R.; Olivares, M. E.; Onderwater, C. J.; Ossowska, A.; Goicochea, J. M.; Ovsiannikova, T.; Owen, P.; Oyanguren, A.; Pagare, B.; Pais, P. R.; Pajero, T.; Palano, A.; Palutan, M.; Pan, Y.; Panshin, G.; Papanestis, A.; Pappagallo, M.; Pappalardo, L. L.; Pappenheimer, C.; Parker, W.; Parkes, C.; Parkinson, C. J.; Passalacqua, B.; Passaleva, G.; Pastore, A.; Patel, M.; Patrignani, C.; Pawley, C. J.; Pearce, A.; Pellegrino, A.; Altarelli, M. Pepe; Perazzini, S.; Pereima, D.; Perret, P.; Petric, M.; Petridis, K.; Petrolini, A.; Petrov, A.; Petrucci, S.; Petruzzo, M.; Pham, T. T.; Philippov, A.; Pica, L.; Piccini, M.; Pietrzyk, B.; Pietrzyk, G.; Pili, M.; Pinci, D.; Pisani, F.; Resmi, P. K.; Placinta, V.; Plews, J.; Casasus, M. Plo; Polci, F.; Lener, M. Poli; Poliakova, M.; Poluektov, A.; Polukhina, N.; Polyakov, I.; Polycarpo, E.; Pomery, G. J.; Ponce, S.; Popov, D.; Popov, S.; Poslavskii, S.; Prasanth, K.; Promberger, L.; Prouve, C.; Pugatch, V.; Pullen, H.; Punzi, G.; Qian, W.; Qin, J.; Quagliani, R.; Quintana, B.; Raab, N. V.; Trejo, R. I.; Rachwal, B.; Rademacker, J. H.; Rama, M.; Pernas, M. Ramos; Rangel, M. S.; Ratnikov, F.; Raven, G.; Reboud, M.; Redi, F.; Reiss, F.; Alepuz, C. Remon; Ren, Z.; Renaudin, V.; Ribatti, R.; Ricciardi, S.; Rinnert, K.; Robbe, P.; Robertson, G.; Rodrigues, A. B.; Rodrigues, E.; Lopez, J. A.; Rollings, A.; Roloff, P.; Romanovskiy, V.; Lamas, M. Romero; Vidal, A. Romero; Roth, J. D.; Rotondo, M.; Rudolph, M. S.; Ruf, T.; Vidal, J. Ruiz; Ryzhikov, A.; Ryzka, J.; Silva, J. J.; Sagidova, N.; Sahoo, N.; Saitta, B.; Salomoni, M.; Gonzalo, D. Sanchez; Gras, C. Sanchez; Santacesaria, R.; Rios, C. Santamarina; Santimaria, M.; Santovetti, E.; Saranin, D.; Sarpis, G.; Sarpis, M.; Sarti, A.; Satriano, C.; Satta, A.; Saur, M.; Savrina, D.; Sazak, H.; Smead, L. G.; Schael, S.; Schellenberg, M.; Schiller, M.; Schindler, H.; Schmelling, M.; Schmidt, B.; Schneider, O.; Schopper, A.; Schubiger, M.; Schulte, S.; Schune, M. H.; Schwemmer, R.; Sciascia, B.; Sellam, S.; Semennikov, A.; Soares, M. Senghi; Sergi, A.; Serra, N.; Sestini, L.; Seuthe, A.; Seyfert, P.; Shang, Y.; Shangase, D. M.; Shapkin, M.; Shchemerov, I.; Shchutska, L.; Shears, T.; Shekhtman, L.; Shen, Z.; Shevchenko, V.; Shields, E. B.; Shmanin, E.; Shupperd, J. D.; Siddi, B. G.; Coutinho, R. Silva; Simi, G.; Simone, S.; Skidmore, N.; Skwarnicki, T.; Slater, M. W.; Slazyk, I.; Smallwood, J. C.; Smeaton, J. G.; Smetkina, A.; Smith, E.; Smith, M.; Snoch, A.; Soares, M.; Lavra, L. Soares; Sokoloff, M. D.; Soler, F. J.; Solovev, A.; Solovyev, I.; De Almeida, F. L.; De Paula, B. Souza; Spaan, B.; Norella, E. Spadaro; Spradlin, P.; Stagni, F.; Stahl, M.; Stahl, S.; Stefko, P.; Steinkamp, O.; Stenyakin, O.; Stevens, H.; Stone, S.; Stramaglia, M. E.; Straticiuc, M.; Strekalina, D.; Suljik, F.; Sun, J.; Sun, L.; Sun, Y.; Svihra, P.; Swallow, P. N.; Swientek, K.; Szabelski, A.; Szumlak, T.; Szymanski, M.; Taneja, S.; Teubert, F.; Thomas, E.; Thomson, K. A.; Tisserand, V.; T’Jampens, S.; Tobin, M.; Tomassetti, L.; Machado, D. Torres; Tou, D. Y.; Tran, M. T.; Trifonova, E.; Trippl, C.; Tuci, G.; Tully, A.; Tuning, N.; Ukleja, A.; Unverzagt, D. J.; Ursov, E.; Usachov, A.; Ustyuzhanin, A.; Uwer, U.; Vagner, A.; Vagnoni, V.; Valassi, A.; Valenti, G.; Canudas, N. Valls; van Beuzekom, M.; Van Dijk, M.; van Herwijnen, E.; Van Hulse, C. B.; van Veghel, M.; Gomez, R. Vazquez; Regueiro, P. Vazquez; Sierra, C. Vázquez; Vecchi, S.; Velthuis, J. J.; Veltri, M.; Venkateswaran, A.; Veronesi, M.; Vesterinen, M.; Vieira, D.; Diaz, M. Vieites; Viemann, H.; Vilasis-Cardona, X.; Figueras, E. Vilella; Vincent, P.; Bruch, D. Vom; Vorobyev, A.; Vorobyev, V.; Voropaev, N.; Waldi, R.; Walsh, J.; Wang, C.; Wang, J.; Wang, J.; Wang, J.; Wang, J.; Wang, M.; Wang, R.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Z.; Wang, Z.; Wark, H. M.; Watson, N. K.; Weber, S. G.; Websdale, D.; Weisser, C.; Westhenry, B. D.; White, D. J.; Whitehead, M.; Wiedner, D.; Wilkinson, G.; Wilkinson, M.; Williams, I.; Williams, M.; Williams, M. R.; Wilson, F. F.; Wislicki, W.; Witek, M.; Witola, L.; Wormser, G.; Wotton, S. A.; Wu, H.; Wyllie, K.; Xiang, Z.; Xiao, D.; Xie, Y.; Xu, A.; Xu, J.; Xu, L.; Xu, M.; Xu, Q.; Xu, Z.; Xu, Z.; Yang, D.; Yang, S.; Yang, Y.; Yang, Z.; Yang, Z.; Yao, Y.; Yeomans, L. E.; Yin, H.; Yu, J.; Yuan, X.; Yushchenko, O.; Zaffaroni, E.; Zavertyaev, M.; Zdybal, M.; Zenaiev, O.; Zeng, M.; Zhang, D.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Zhelezov, A.; Zheng, Y.; Zhou, X.; Zhou, Y.; Zhu, X.; Zhu, Z.; Zhukov, V.; Zonneveld, J. B.; Zou, Q.; Zucchelli, S.; Zuliani, D.; Zunica, G. « less
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Nature Physics
- Volume:
- 18
- Issue:
- 3
- ISSN:
- 1745-2473
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 277 to 282
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-021-01478-8
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- MLA
Cite: MLA FormatAaij, R., Beteta, C. Abellán, Ackernley, T., Adeva, B., Adinolfi, M., Afsharnia, H., Aidala, C. A., Aiola, S., Ajaltouni, Z., Akar, S., Albrecht, J., Alessio, F., Alexander, M., Albero, A. Alfonso, Aliouche, Z., Alkhazov, G., Cartelle, P. Alvarez, Amato, S., Amhis, Y., An, L., Anderlini, L., Andreianov, A., Andreotti, M., Archilli, F., Artamonov, A., Artuso, M., Arzymatov, K., Aslanides, E., Atzeni, M., Audurier, B., Bachmann, S., Bachmayer, M., Back, J. J., Rodriguez, P. Baladron, Balagura, V., Baldini, W., Leite, J. Baptista, Barlow, R. J., Barsuk, S., Barter, W., Bartolini, M., Baryshnikov, F., Basels, J. M., Bassi, G., Batsukh, B., Battig, A., Bay, A., Becker, M., Bedeschi, F., Bediaga, I., Beiter, A., Belavin, V., Belin, S., Bellee, V., Belous, K., Belov, I., Belyaev, I., Bencivenni, G., Ben-Haim, E., Berezhnoy, A., Bernet, R., Berninghoff, D., Bernstein, H. C., Bertella, C., Bertolin, A., Betancourt, C., Betti, F., Bezshyiko, Ia., Bhasin, S., Bhom, J., Bian, L., Bieker, M. S., Bifani, S., Billoir, P., Birch, M., Bishop, F. C., Bitadze, A., Bizzeti, A., Bjørn, M., Blago, M. P., Blake, T., Blanc, F., Blusk, S., Bobulska, D., Boelhauve, J. A., Garcia, O. Boente, Boettcher, T., Boldyrev, A., Bondar, A., Bondar, N., Borghi, S., Borisyak, M., Borsato, M., Borsuk, J. T., Bouchiba, S. A., Bowcock, T. J., Boyer, A., Bozzi, C., Bradley, M. J., Braun, S., Rodriguez, A. Brea, Brodski, M., Brodzicka, J., Gonzalo, A. Brossa, Brundu, D., Buonaura, A., Burr, C., Bursche, A., Butkevich, A., Butter, J. S., Buytaert, J., Byczynski, W., Cadeddu, S., Cai, H., Calabrese, R., Calefice, L., Diaz, L. Calero, Cali, S., Calladine, R., Calvi, M., Gomez, M. Calvo, Magalhaes, P. Camargo, Camboni, A., Campana, P., Quezada, A. F., Capelli, S., Capriotti, L., Carbone, A., Carboni, G., Cardinale, R., Cardini, A., Carli, I., Carniti, P., Carus, L., Akiba, K. Carvalho, Vidal, A. Casais, Casse, G., Cattaneo, M., Cavallero, G., Celani, S., Cerasoli, J., Chadwick, A. J., Chapman, M. G., Charles, M., Charpentier, Ph., Chatzikonstantinidis, G., Barajas, C. A., Chefdeville, M., Chen, C., Chen, S., Chernov, A., Chobanova, V., Cholak, S., Chrzaszcz, M., Chubykin, A., Chulikov, V., Ciambrone, P., Cicala, M. F., Vidal, X. Cid, Ciezarek, G., Clarke, P. E., Clemencic, M., Cliff, H. V., Closier, J., Cobbledick, J. L., Coco, V., Coelho, J. A., Cogan, J., Cogneras, E., Cojocariu, L., Collins, P., Colombo, T., Congedo, L., Contu, A., Cooke, N., Coombs, G., Corti, G., Sobral, C. M., Couturier, B., Craik, D. C., Crkovská, J., Torres, M. Cruz, Currie, R., Da Silva, C. L., Dall’Occo, E., Dalseno, J., D’Ambrosio, C., Danilina, A., d’Argent, P., Davis, A., De Aguiar Francisco, O., De Bruyn, K., De Capua, S., De Cian, M., De Miranda, J. M., De Paula, L., De Serio, M., De Simone, D., De Simone, P., de Vries, J. A., Dean, C. T., Decamp, D., Del Buono, L., Delaney, B., Dembinski, H.-P., Dendek, A., Denysenko, V., Derkach, D., Deschamps, O., Desse, F., Dettori, F., Dey, B., Di Nezza, P., Didenko, S., Maronas, L. Dieste, Dijkstra, H., Dobishuk, V., Donohoe, A. M., Dordei, F., dos Reis, A. C., Douglas, L., Dovbnya, A., Downes, A. G., Dreimanis, K., Dudek, M. W., Dufour, L., Duk, V., Durante, P., Durham, J. M., Dutta, D., Dziurda, A., Dzyuba, A., Easo, S., Egede, U., Egorychev, V., Eidelman, S., Eisenhardt, S., Ek-In, S., Eklund, L., Ely, S., Ene, A., Epple, E., Escher, S., Eschle, J., Esen, S., Evans, T., Falabella, A., Fan, J., Fan, Y., Fang, B., Farry, S., Fazzini, D., Féo, M., Prieto, A. Fernandez, Arribas, J. M., Fernez, A. D., Ferrari, F., Lopes, L. Ferreira, Rodrigues, F. Ferreira, Sole, S. Ferreres, Ferrillo, M., Ferro-Luzzi, M., Filippov, S., Fini, R. A., Fiorini, M., Firlej, M., Fischer, K. M., Fitzgerald, D. S., Fitzpatrick, C., Fiutowski, T., Fleuret, F., Fontana, M., Fontanelli, F., Forty, R., Lima, V. Franco, Sevilla, M. Franco, Frank, M., Franzoso, E., Frau, G., Frei, C., Friday, D. A., Fu, J., Fuehring, Q., Funk, W., Gabriel, E., Gaintseva, T., Torreira, A. Gallas, Galli, D., Gambetta, S., Gan, Y., Gandelman, M., Gandini, P., Gao, Y., Garau, M., Martin, L. M., Moreno, P. Garcia, Pardiñas, J. García, Plana, B. Garcia, Rosales, F. A., Garrido, L., Gaspar, C., Geertsema, R. E., Gerick, D., Gerken, L. L., Gersabeck, E., Gersabeck, M., Gershon, T., Gerstel, D., Ghez, Ph., Gibson, V., Giemza, H. K., Giovannetti, M., Gioventù, A., Gironell, P. Gironella, Giubega, L., Giugliano, C., Gizdov, K., Gkougkousis, E. L., Gligorov, V. V., Göbel, C., Golobardes, E., Golubkov, D., Golutvin, A., Gomes, A., Fernandez, S. Gomez, Abrantes, F. Goncalves, Goncerz, M., Gong, G., Gorbounov, P., Gorelov, I. V., Gotti, C., Govorkova, E., Grabowski, J. P., Grammatico, T., Cardoso, L. A., Graugés, E., Graverini, E., Graziani, G., Grecu, A., Greeven, L. M., Griffith, P., Grillo, L., Gromov, S., Cazon, B. R., Gu, C., Guarise, M., Günther, P. A., Gushchin, E., Guth, A., Guz, Y., Gys, T., Hadavizadeh, T., Haefeli, G., Haen, C., Haimberger, J., Halewood-leagas, T., Hamilton, P. M., Hammerich, J. P., Han, Q., Han, X., Hancock, T. H., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Harnew, N., Harrison, T., Hasse, C., Hatch, M., He, J., Hecker, M., Heijhoff, K., Heinicke, K., Hennequin, A. M., Hennessy, K., Henry, L., Heuel, J., Hicheur, A., Hill, D., Hilton, M., Hollitt, S. E., Hu, J., Hu, J., Hu, W., Huang, W., Huang, X., Hulsbergen, W., Hunter, R. J., Hushchyn, M., Hutchcroft, D., Hynds, D., Ibis, P., Idzik, M., Ilin, D., Ilten, P., Inglessi, A., Ishteev, A., Ivshin, K., Jacobsson, R., Jakobsen, S., Jans, E., Jashal, B. K., Jawahery, A., Jevtic, V., Jezabek, M., Jiang, F., John, M., Johnson, D., Jones, C. R., Jones, T. P., Jost, B., Jurik, N., Kandybei, S., Kang, Y., Karacson, M., Karpov, M., Keizer, F., Kenzie, M., Ketel, T., Khanji, B., Kharisova, A., Kholodenko, S., Kirn, T., Kirsebom, V. S., Kitouni, O., Klaver, S., Klimaszewski, K., Koliiev, S., Kondybayeva, A., Konoplyannikov, A., Kopciewicz, P., Kopecna, R., Koppenburg, P., Korolev, M., Kostiuk, I., Kot, O., Kotriakhova, S., Kravchenko, P., Kravchuk, L., Krawczyk, R. D., Kreps, M., Kress, F., Kretzschmar, S., Krokovny, P., Krupa, W., Krzemien, W., Kucewicz, W., Kucharczyk, M., Kudryavtsev, V., Kuindersma, H. S., Kunde, G. J., Kvaratskheliya, T., Lacarrere, D., Lafferty, G., Lai, A., Lampis, A., Lancierini, D., Lane, J. J., Lane, R., Lanfranchi, G., Langenbruch, C., Langer, J., Lantwin, O., Latham, T., Lazzari, F., Le Gac, R., Lee, S. H., Lefèvre, R., Leflat, A., Legotin, S., Leroy, O., Lesiak, T., Leverington, B., Li, H., Li, L., Li, P., Li, S., Li, Y., Li, Y., Li, Z., Liang, X., Lin, T., Lindner, R., Lisovskyi, V., Litvinov, R., Liu, G., Liu, H., Liu, S., Liu, X., Loi, A., Castro, J. Lomba, Longstaff, I., Lopes, J. H., Lovell, G. H., Lu, Y., Lucchesi, D., Luchuk, S., Martinez, M. Lucio, Lukashenko, V., Luo, Y., Lupato, A., Luppi, E., Lupton, O., Lusiani, A., Lyu, X., Ma, L., Ma, R., Maccolini, S., Machefert, F., Maciuc, F., Macko, V., Mackowiak, P., Maddrell-Mander, S., Madejczyk, O., Mohan, L. R., Maev, O., Maevskiy, A., Maisuzenko, D., Majewski, M. W., Malczewski, J. J., Malde, S., Malecki, B., Malinin, A., Maltsev, T., Malygina, H., Manca, G., Mancinelli, G., Manuzzi, D., Marangotto, D., Maratas, J., Marchand, J. F., Marconi, U., Mariani, S., Benito, C. Marin, Marinangeli, M., Marks, J., Marshall, A. M., Marshall, P. J., Martellotti, G., Martinazzoli, L., Martinelli, M., Santos, D. Martinez, Vidal, F. Martinez, Massafferri, A., Materok, M., Matev, R., Mathad, A., Mathe, Z., Matiunin, V., Matteuzzi, C., Mattioli, K. R., Mauri, A., Maurice, E., Mauricio, J., Mazurek, M., McCann, M., Mcconnell, L., Mcgrath, T. H., McNab, A., McNulty, R., Mead, J. V., Meadows, B., Meaux, C., Meier, G., Meinert, N., Melnychuk, D., Meloni, S., Merk, M., Merli, A., Garcia, L. Meyer, Mikhasenko, M., Milanes, D. A., Millard, E., Milovanovic, M., Minard, M.-N., Minotti, A., Minzoni, L., Mitchell, S. E., Mitreska, B., Mitzel, D. S., Mödden, A., Mohammed, R. A., Moise, R. D., Mombächer, T., Monroy, I. A., Monteil, S., Morandin, M., Morello, G., Morello, M. J., Moron, J., Morris, A. B., Morris, A. G., Mountain, R., Mu, H., Muheim, F., Mulder, M., Müller, D., Müller, K., Murphy, C. H., Murray, D., Muzzetto, P., Naik, P., Nakada, T., Nandakumar, R., Nanut, T., Nasteva, I., Needham, M., Neri, I., Neri, N., Neubert, S., Neufeld, N., Newcombe, R., Nguyen, T. D., Nguyen-Mau, C., Niel, E. M., Nieswand, S., Nikitin, N., Nolte, N. S., Nunez, C., Oblakowska-Mucha, A., Obraztsov, V., O’Hanlon, D. P., Oldeman, R., Olivares, M. E., Onderwater, C. J., Ossowska, A., Goicochea, J. M., Ovsiannikova, T., Owen, P., Oyanguren, A., Pagare, B., Pais, P. R., Pajero, T., Palano, A., Palutan, M., Pan, Y., Panshin, G., Papanestis, A., Pappagallo, M., Pappalardo, L. L., Pappenheimer, C., Parker, W., Parkes, C., Parkinson, C. J., Passalacqua, B., Passaleva, G., Pastore, A., Patel, M., Patrignani, C., Pawley, C. J., Pearce, A., Pellegrino, A., Altarelli, M. Pepe, Perazzini, S., Pereima, D., Perret, P., Petric, M., Petridis, K., Petrolini, A., Petrov, A., Petrucci, S., Petruzzo, M., Pham, T. T., Philippov, A., Pica, L., Piccini, M., Pietrzyk, B., Pietrzyk, G., Pili, M., Pinci, D., Pisani, F., Resmi, P. K., Placinta, V., Plews, J., Casasus, M. Plo, Polci, F., Lener, M. Poli, Poliakova, M., Poluektov, A., Polukhina, N., Polyakov, I., Polycarpo, E., Pomery, G. J., Ponce, S., Popov, D., Popov, S., Poslavskii, S., Prasanth, K., Promberger, L., Prouve, C., Pugatch, V., Pullen, H., Punzi, G., Qian, W., Qin, J., Quagliani, R., Quintana, B., Raab, N. V., Trejo, R. I., Rachwal, B., Rademacker, J. H., Rama, M., Pernas, M. Ramos, Rangel, M. S., Ratnikov, F., Raven, G., Reboud, M., Redi, F., Reiss, F., Alepuz, C. Remon, Ren, Z., Renaudin, V., Ribatti, R., Ricciardi, S., Rinnert, K., Robbe, P., Robertson, G., Rodrigues, A. B., Rodrigues, E., Lopez, J. A., Rollings, A., Roloff, P., Romanovskiy, V., Lamas, M. Romero, Vidal, A. Romero, Roth, J. D., Rotondo, M., Rudolph, M. S., Ruf, T., Vidal, J. Ruiz, Ryzhikov, A., Ryzka, J., Silva, J. J., Sagidova, N., Sahoo, N., Saitta, B., Salomoni, M., Gonzalo, D. Sanchez, Gras, C. Sanchez, Santacesaria, R., Rios, C. Santamarina, Santimaria, M., Santovetti, E., Saranin, D., Sarpis, G., Sarpis, M., Sarti, A., Satriano, C., Satta, A., Saur, M., Savrina, D., Sazak, H., Smead, L. G., Schael, S., Schellenberg, M., Schiller, M., Schindler, H., Schmelling, M., Schmidt, B., Schneider, O., Schopper, A., Schubiger, M., Schulte, S., Schune, M. H., Schwemmer, R., Sciascia, B., Sellam, S., Semennikov, A., Soares, M. Senghi, Sergi, A., Serra, N., Sestini, L., Seuthe, A., Seyfert, P., Shang, Y., Shangase, D. M., Shapkin, M., Shchemerov, I., Shchutska, L., Shears, T., Shekhtman, L., Shen, Z., Shevchenko, V., Shields, E. B., Shmanin, E., Shupperd, J. D., Siddi, B. G., Coutinho, R. Silva, Simi, G., Simone, S., Skidmore, N., Skwarnicki, T., Slater, M. W., Slazyk, I., Smallwood, J. C., Smeaton, J. G., Smetkina, A., Smith, E., Smith, M., Snoch, A., Soares, M., Lavra, L. Soares, Sokoloff, M. D., Soler, F. J., Solovev, A., Solovyev, I., De Almeida, F. L., De Paula, B. Souza, Spaan, B., Norella, E. Spadaro, Spradlin, P., Stagni, F., Stahl, M., Stahl, S., Stefko, P., Steinkamp, O., Stenyakin, O., Stevens, H., Stone, S., Stramaglia, M. E., Straticiuc, M., Strekalina, D., Suljik, F., Sun, J., Sun, L., Sun, Y., Svihra, P., Swallow, P. N., Swientek, K., Szabelski, A., Szumlak, T., Szymanski, M., Taneja, S., Teubert, F., Thomas, E., Thomson, K. A., Tisserand, V., T’Jampens, S., Tobin, M., Tomassetti, L., Machado, D. Torres, Tou, D. Y., Tran, M. T., Trifonova, E., Trippl, C., Tuci, G., Tully, A., Tuning, N., Ukleja, A., Unverzagt, D. J., Ursov, E., Usachov, A., Ustyuzhanin, A., Uwer, U., Vagner, A., Vagnoni, V., Valassi, A., Valenti, G., Canudas, N. Valls, van Beuzekom, M., Van Dijk, M., van Herwijnen, E., Van Hulse, C. B., van Veghel, M., Gomez, R. Vazquez, Regueiro, P. Vazquez, Sierra, C. Vázquez, Vecchi, S., Velthuis, J. J., Veltri, M., Venkateswaran, A., Veronesi, M., Vesterinen, M., Vieira, D., Diaz, M. Vieites, Viemann, H., Vilasis-Cardona, X., Figueras, E. Vilella, Vincent, P., Bruch, D. 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Retrieved from https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10349065. Nature Physics 18.3 Web. doi:10.1038/s41567-021-01478-8.
- APA
Cite: APA FormatAaij, R., Beteta, C. Abellán, Ackernley, T., Adeva, B., Adinolfi, M., Afsharnia, H., Aidala, C. A., Aiola, S., Ajaltouni, Z., Akar, S., Albrecht, J., Alessio, F., Alexander, M., Albero, A. Alfonso, Aliouche, Z., Alkhazov, G., Cartelle, P. Alvarez, Amato, S., Amhis, Y., An, L., Anderlini, L., Andreianov, A., Andreotti, M., Archilli, F., Artamonov, A., Artuso, M., Arzymatov, K., Aslanides, E., Atzeni, M., Audurier, B., Bachmann, S., Bachmayer, M., Back, J. J., Rodriguez, P. Baladron, Balagura, V., Baldini, W., Leite, J. Baptista, Barlow, R. J., Barsuk, S., Barter, W., Bartolini, M., Baryshnikov, F., Basels, J. M., Bassi, G., Batsukh, B., Battig, A., Bay, A., Becker, M., Bedeschi, F., Bediaga, I., Beiter, A., Belavin, V., Belin, S., Bellee, V., Belous, K., Belov, I., Belyaev, I., Bencivenni, G., Ben-Haim, E., Berezhnoy, A., Bernet, R., Berninghoff, D., Bernstein, H. C., Bertella, C., Bertolin, A., Betancourt, C., Betti, F., Bezshyiko, Ia., Bhasin, S., Bhom, J., Bian, L., Bieker, M. S., Bifani, S., Billoir, P., Birch, M., Bishop, F. C., Bitadze, A., Bizzeti, A., Bjørn, M., Blago, M. P., Blake, T., Blanc, F., Blusk, S., Bobulska, D., Boelhauve, J. A., Garcia, O. Boente, Boettcher, T., Boldyrev, A., Bondar, A., Bondar, N., Borghi, S., Borisyak, M., Borsato, M., Borsuk, J. T., Bouchiba, S. A., Bowcock, T. J., Boyer, A., Bozzi, C., Bradley, M. J., Braun, S., Rodriguez, A. Brea, Brodski, M., Brodzicka, J., Gonzalo, A. Brossa, Brundu, D., Buonaura, A., Burr, C., Bursche, A., Butkevich, A., Butter, J. S., Buytaert, J., Byczynski, W., Cadeddu, S., Cai, H., Calabrese, R., Calefice, L., Diaz, L. Calero, Cali, S., Calladine, R., Calvi, M., Gomez, M. Calvo, Magalhaes, P. Camargo, Camboni, A., Campana, P., Quezada, A. F., Capelli, S., Capriotti, L., Carbone, A., Carboni, G., Cardinale, R., Cardini, A., Carli, I., Carniti, P., Carus, L., Akiba, K. Carvalho, Vidal, A. Casais, Casse, G., Cattaneo, M., Cavallero, G., Celani, S., Cerasoli, J., Chadwick, A. J., Chapman, M. G., Charles, M., Charpentier, Ph., Chatzikonstantinidis, G., Barajas, C. A., Chefdeville, M., Chen, C., Chen, S., Chernov, A., Chobanova, V., Cholak, S., Chrzaszcz, M., Chubykin, A., Chulikov, V., Ciambrone, P., Cicala, M. F., Vidal, X. Cid, Ciezarek, G., Clarke, P. E., Clemencic, M., Cliff, H. V., Closier, J., Cobbledick, J. L., Coco, V., Coelho, J. A., Cogan, J., Cogneras, E., Cojocariu, L., Collins, P., Colombo, T., Congedo, L., Contu, A., Cooke, N., Coombs, G., Corti, G., Sobral, C. M., Couturier, B., Craik, D. C., Crkovská, J., Torres, M. Cruz, Currie, R., Da Silva, C. L., Dall’Occo, E., Dalseno, J., D’Ambrosio, C., Danilina, A., d’Argent, P., Davis, A., De Aguiar Francisco, O., De Bruyn, K., De Capua, S., De Cian, M., De Miranda, J. M., De Paula, L., De Serio, M., De Simone, D., De Simone, P., de Vries, J. A., Dean, C. T., Decamp, D., Del Buono, L., Delaney, B., Dembinski, H.-P., Dendek, A., Denysenko, V., Derkach, D., Deschamps, O., Desse, F., Dettori, F., Dey, B., Di Nezza, P., Didenko, S., Maronas, L. Dieste, Dijkstra, H., Dobishuk, V., Donohoe, A. M., Dordei, F., dos Reis, A. C., Douglas, L., Dovbnya, A., Downes, A. G., Dreimanis, K., Dudek, M. W., Dufour, L., Duk, V., Durante, P., Durham, J. M., Dutta, D., Dziurda, A., Dzyuba, A., Easo, S., Egede, U., Egorychev, V., Eidelman, S., Eisenhardt, S., Ek-In, S., Eklund, L., Ely, S., Ene, A., Epple, E., Escher, S., Eschle, J., Esen, S., Evans, T., Falabella, A., Fan, J., Fan, Y., Fang, B., Farry, S., Fazzini, D., Féo, M., Prieto, A. Fernandez, Arribas, J. M., Fernez, A. D., Ferrari, F., Lopes, L. Ferreira, Rodrigues, F. Ferreira, Sole, S. Ferreres, Ferrillo, M., Ferro-Luzzi, M., Filippov, S., Fini, R. A., Fiorini, M., Firlej, M., Fischer, K. M., Fitzgerald, D. S., Fitzpatrick, C., Fiutowski, T., Fleuret, F., Fontana, M., Fontanelli, F., Forty, R., Lima, V. Franco, Sevilla, M. Franco, Frank, M., Franzoso, E., Frau, G., Frei, C., Friday, D. A., Fu, J., Fuehring, Q., Funk, W., Gabriel, E., Gaintseva, T., Torreira, A. Gallas, Galli, D., Gambetta, S., Gan, Y., Gandelman, M., Gandini, P., Gao, Y., Garau, M., Martin, L. M., Moreno, P. Garcia, Pardiñas, J. García, Plana, B. Garcia, Rosales, F. A., Garrido, L., Gaspar, C., Geertsema, R. E., Gerick, D., Gerken, L. L., Gersabeck, E., Gersabeck, M., Gershon, T., Gerstel, D., Ghez, Ph., Gibson, V., Giemza, H. K., Giovannetti, M., Gioventù, A., Gironell, P. Gironella, Giubega, L., Giugliano, C., Gizdov, K., Gkougkousis, E. L., Gligorov, V. V., Göbel, C., Golobardes, E., Golubkov, D., Golutvin, A., Gomes, A., Fernandez, S. Gomez, Abrantes, F. Goncalves, Goncerz, M., Gong, G., Gorbounov, P., Gorelov, I. V., Gotti, C., Govorkova, E., Grabowski, J. P., Grammatico, T., Cardoso, L. 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Nature Physics 18 (3). Country unknown/Code not available. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-021-01478-8. https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10349065.
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place = {Country unknown/Code not available}, title = {Test of lepton universality in beauty-quark decays}, url = {https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10349065}, DOI = {10.1038/s41567-021-01478-8}, abstractNote = {Abstract The standard model of particle physics currently provides our best description of fundamental particles and their interactions. The theory predicts that the different charged leptons, the electron, muon and tau, have identical electroweak interaction strengths. Previous measurements have shown that a wide range of particle decays are consistent with this principle of lepton universality. This article presents evidence for the breaking of lepton universality in beauty-quark decays, with a significance of 3.1 standard deviations, based on proton–proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider. The measurements are of processes in which a beauty meson transforms into a strange meson with the emission of either an electron and a positron, or a muon and an antimuon. If confirmed by future measurements, this violation of lepton universality would imply physics beyond the standard model, such as a new fundamental interaction between quarks and leptons.}, journal = {Nature Physics}, volume = {18}, number = {3}, author = {Aaij, R. and Beteta, C. Abellán and Ackernley, T. and Adeva, B. and Adinolfi, M. and Afsharnia, H. and Aidala, C. A. and Aiola, S. and Ajaltouni, Z. and Akar, S. and Albrecht, J. and Alessio, F. and Alexander, M. and Albero, A. Alfonso and Aliouche, Z. and Alkhazov, G. and Cartelle, P. Alvarez and Amato, S. and Amhis, Y. and An, L. and Anderlini, L. and Andreianov, A. and Andreotti, M. and Archilli, F. and Artamonov, A. and Artuso, M. and Arzymatov, K. and Aslanides, E. and Atzeni, M. and Audurier, B. and Bachmann, S. and Bachmayer, M. and Back, J. 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