Title: The design and sensitivity of JUNO’s scintillator radiopurity pre-detector OSIRIS
Abstract The OSIRIS detector is a subsystem of the liquid scintillator filling chain of the JUNO reactor neutrino experiment. Its purpose is to validate the radiopurity of the scintillator to assure that all components of the JUNO scintillator system work to specifications and only neutrino-grade scintillator is filled into the JUNO Central Detector. The aspired sensitivity level of $$10^{-16}\hbox { g/g}$$ 10 - 16 g/g of $$^{238}\hbox {U}$$ 238 U and $$^{232}\hbox {Th}$$ 232 Th requires a large ( $$\sim 20\,\hbox {m}^3$$ ∼ 20 m 3 ) detection volume and ultralow background levels. The present paper reports on the design and major components of the OSIRIS detector, the detector simulation as well as the measuring strategies foreseen and the sensitivity levels to U/Th that can be reached in this setup. more »« less
McDonough, W. F.; Šrámek, O.; Wipperfurth, S. A.(
, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems)
Abstract
We report the Earth's rate of radiogenic heat production and (anti)neutrino luminosity from geologically relevant short‐lived radionuclides (SLR) and long‐lived radionuclides (LLR) using decay constants from the geological community, updated nuclear physics parameters, and calculations of theβspectra. We track the time evolution of the radiogenic power and luminosity of the Earth over the last 4.57 billion years, assuming an absolute abundance for the refractory elements in the silicate Earth and key volatile/refractory element ratios (e.g., Fe/Al, K/U, and Rb/Sr) to set the abundance levels for the moderately volatile elements. The relevant decays for the present‐day heat production in the Earth (19.9 ± 3.0 TW) are from40K,87Rb,147Sm,232Th,235U, and238U. Given element concentrations in kg‐element/kg‐rock and densityρin kg/m3, a simplified equation to calculate the present‐day heat production in a rock isurn:x-wiley:ggge:media:ggge22244:ggge22244-math-0001
The radiogenic heating rate of Earth‐like material at solar system formation was some 103to 104times greater than present‐day values, largely due to decay of26Al in the silicate fraction, which was the dominant radiogenic heat source for the first∼10 Ma. Assuming instantaneous Earth formation, the upper bound on radiogenic energy supplied by the most powerful short‐lived radionuclide26Al (t1/2= 0.7 Ma) is 5.5×1031 J, which is comparable (within a factor of a few) to the planet's gravitational binding energy.
Abe, S.; Asami, S.; Eizuka, M.; Futagi, S.; Gando, A.; Gando, Y.; Gima, T.; Goto, A.; Hachiya, T.; Hata, K.; et al(
, Geophysical Research Letters)
Abstract
The decay of the primordial isotopes238U,235U,232Th, and40K has contributed to the terrestrial heat budget throughout the Earth's history. Hence, the individual abundance of those isotopes are key parameters in reconstructing contemporary Earth models. The geoneutrinos produced by the radioactive decays of uranium and thorium have been observed with the Kamioka Liquid‐Scintillator Antineutrino Detector (KamLAND). Those measurements have been improved with more than 18‐year observation time, and improvement in detector background levels mainly with an 8‐year nearly reactor‐free period, which now permit spectroscopy with geoneutrinos. Our results yield the first constraint on both uranium and thorium heat contributions. The KamLAND result is consistent with geochemical estimations based on elemental abundances of chondritic meteorites and mantle peridotites. The High‐Q model is disfavored at 99.76% C.L. and a fully radiogenic model is excluded at 5.2σassuming a homogeneous heat producing element distribution in the mantle.
Abusleme, Angel; Adam, Thomas; Ahmad, Shakeel; Ahmed, Rizwan; Aiello, Sebastiano; Akram, Muhammad; An, Fengpeng; An, Guangpeng; An, Qi; Andronico, Giuseppe; et al(
, The European Physical Journal C)
Abstract Atmospheric neutrinos are one of the most relevant natural neutrino sources that can be exploited to infer properties about cosmic rays and neutrino oscillations. The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) experiment, a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector with excellent energy resolution is currently under construction in China. JUNO will be able to detect several atmospheric neutrinos per day given the large volume. A study on the JUNO detection and reconstruction capabilities of atmospheric $$\nu _e$$ ν e and $$\nu _\mu $$ ν μ fluxes is presented in this paper. In this study, a sample of atmospheric neutrino Monte Carlo events has been generated, starting from theoretical models, and then processed by the detector simulation. The excellent timing resolution of the 3” PMT light detection system of JUNO detector and the much higher light yield for scintillation over Cherenkov allow to measure the time structure of the scintillation light with very high precision. Since $$\nu _e$$ ν e and $$\nu _\mu $$ ν μ interactions produce a slightly different light pattern, the different time evolution of light allows to discriminate the flavor of primary neutrinos. A probabilistic unfolding method has been used, in order to infer the primary neutrino energy spectrum from the detector experimental observables. The simulated spectrum has been reconstructed between 100 MeV and 10 GeV, showing a great potential of the detector in the atmospheric low energy region.
Abusleme, Angel; Adam, Thomas; Ahmad, Shakeel; Ahmed, Rizwan; Aiello, Sebastiano; Akram, Muhammad; An, Fengpeng; An, Qi; Andronico, Giuseppe; Anfimov, Nikolay; et al(
, Journal of High Energy Physics)
A bstract JUNO is a massive liquid scintillator detector with a primary scientific goal of determining the neutrino mass ordering by studying the oscillated anti-neutrino flux coming from two nuclear power plants at 53 km distance. The expected signal anti-neutrino interaction rate is only 60 counts per day (cpd), therefore a careful control of the background sources due to radioactivity is critical. In particular, natural radioactivity present in all materials and in the environment represents a serious issue that could impair the sensitivity of the experiment if appropriate countermeasures were not foreseen. In this paper we discuss the background reduction strategies undertaken by the JUNO collaboration to reduce at minimum the impact of natural radioactivity. We describe our efforts for an optimized experimental design, a careful material screening and accurate detector production handling, and a constant control of the expected results through a meticulous Monte Carlo simulation program. We show that all these actions should allow us to keep the background count rate safely below the target value of 10 Hz (i.e. ∼ 1 cpd accidental background) in the default fiducial volume, above an energy threshold of 0.7 MeV.
Abusleme, Angel; Adam, Thomas; Ahmad, Shakeel; Ahmed, Rizwan; Aiello, Sebastiano; Akram, Muhammad; Aleem, Abid; Alexandros, Tsagkarakis; An, Fengpeng; An, Qi; et al(
, The European Physical Journal C)
Abstract Main goal of the JUNO experiment is to determine the neutrino mass ordering using a 20 kt liquid-scintillator detector. Its key feature is an excellent energy resolution of at least 3% at 1 MeV, for which its instruments need to meet a certain quality and thus have to be fully characterized. More than 20,000 20-inch PMTs have been received and assessed by JUNO after a detailed testing program which began in 2017 and elapsed for about four years. Based on this mass characterization and a set of specific requirements, a good quality of all accepted PMTs could be ascertained. This paper presents the performed testing procedure with the designed testing systems as well as the statistical characteristics of all 20-inch PMTs intended to be used in the JUNO experiment, covering more than fifteen performance parameters including the photocathode uniformity. This constitutes the largest sample of 20-inch PMTs ever produced and studied in detail to date, i.e. 15,000 of the newly developed 20-inch MCP-PMTs from Northern Night Vision Technology Co. (NNVT) and 5000 of dynode PMTs from Hamamatsu Photonics K. K.(HPK).
@article{osti_10349403,
place = {Country unknown/Code not available},
title = {The design and sensitivity of JUNO’s scintillator radiopurity pre-detector OSIRIS},
url = {https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10349403},
DOI = {10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09544-4},
abstractNote = {Abstract The OSIRIS detector is a subsystem of the liquid scintillator filling chain of the JUNO reactor neutrino experiment. Its purpose is to validate the radiopurity of the scintillator to assure that all components of the JUNO scintillator system work to specifications and only neutrino-grade scintillator is filled into the JUNO Central Detector. The aspired sensitivity level of $$10^{-16}\hbox { g/g}$$ 10 - 16 g/g of $$^{238}\hbox {U}$$ 238 U and $$^{232}\hbox {Th}$$ 232 Th requires a large ( $$\sim 20\,\hbox {m}^3$$ ∼ 20 m 3 ) detection volume and ultralow background levels. The present paper reports on the design and major components of the OSIRIS detector, the detector simulation as well as the measuring strategies foreseen and the sensitivity levels to U/Th that can be reached in this setup.},
journal = {The European Physical Journal C},
volume = {81},
number = {11},
author = {Abusleme, Angel and Adam, Thomas and Ahmad, Shakeel and Ahmed, Rizwan and Aiello, Sebastiano and Akram, Muhammad and An, Fengpeng and An, Guangpeng and An, Qi and Andronico, Giuseppe and Anfimov, Nikolay and Antonelli, Vito and Antoshkina, Tatiana and Asavapibhop, Burin and de André, João Pedro and Auguste, Didier and Babic, Andrej and Baldini, Wander and Barresi, Andrea and Basilico, Davide and Baussan, Eric and Bellato, Marco and Bergnoli, Antonio and Birkenfeld, Thilo and Blin, Sylvie and Blum, David and Blyth, Simon and Bolshakova, Anastasia and Bongrand, Mathieu and Bordereau, Clément and Breton, Dominique and Brigatti, Augusto and Brugnera, Riccardo and Bruno, Riccardo and Budano, Antonio and Buscemi, Mario and Busto, Jose and Butorov, Ilya and Cabrera, Anatael and Cai, Hao and Cai, Xiao and Cai, Yanke and Cai, Zhiyan and Cammi, Antonio and Campeny, Agustin and Cao, Chuanya and Cao, Guofu and Cao, Jun and Caruso, Rossella and Cerna, Cédric and Chang, Jinfan and Chang, Yun and Chen, Pingping and Chen, Po-An and Chen, Shaomin and Chen, Xurong and Chen, Yi-Wen and Chen, Yixue and Chen, Yu and Chen, Zhang and Cheng, Jie and Cheng, Yaping and Chetverikov, Alexey and Chiesa, Davide and Chimenti, Pietro and Chukanov, Artem and Claverie, Gérard and Clementi, Catia and Clerbaux, Barbara and Lorenzo, Selma Conforti and Corti, Daniele and Costa, Salvatore and Corso, Flavio Dal and Dalager, Olivia and De La Taille, Christophe and Deng, Jiawei and Deng, Zhi and Deng, Ziyan and Depnering, Wilfried and Diaz, Marco and Ding, Xuefeng and Ding, Yayun and Dirgantara, Bayu and Dmitrievsky, Sergey and Dohnal, Tadeas and Dolzhikov, Dmitry and Donchenko, Georgy and Dong, Jianmeng and Doroshkevich, Evgeny and Dracos, Marcos and Druillole, Frédéric and Du, Shuxian and Dusini, Stefano and Dvorak, Martin and Enqvist, Timo and Enzmann, Heike and Fabbri, Andrea and Fajt, Lukas and Fan, Donghua and Fan, Lei and Fang, Can and Fang, Jian and Fang, Wenxing and Fargetta, Marco and Fedoseev, Dmitry and Fekete, Vladko and Feng, Li-Cheng and Feng, Qichun and Ford, Richard and Formozov, Andrey and Fournier, Amélie and Gan, Haonan and Gao, Feng and Garfagnini, Alberto and Genster, Christoph and Giammarchi, Marco and Giaz, Agnese and Giudice, Nunzio and Gonchar, Maxim and Gong, Guanghua and Gong, Hui and Gornushkin, Yuri and Göttel, Alexandre and Grassi, Marco and Grewing, Christian and Gromov, Vasily and Gu, Minghao and Gu, Xiaofei and Gu, Yu and Guan, Mengyun and Guardone, Nunzio and Gul, Maria and Guo, Cong and Guo, Jingyuan and Guo, Wanlei and Guo, Xinheng and Guo, Yuhang and Hackspacher, Paul and Hagner, Caren and Han, Ran and Han, Yang and Hassan, Muhammad Sohaib and He, Miao and He, Wei and Heinz, Tobias and Hellmuth, Patrick and Heng, Yuekun and Herrera, Rafael and Hong, Daojin and Hor, YuenKeung and Hou, Shaojing and Hsiung, Yee and Hu, Bei-Zhen and Hu, Hang and Hu, Jianrun and Hu, Jun and Hu, Shouyang and Hu, Tao and Hu, Zhuojun and Huang, Chunhao and Huang, Guihong and Huang, Hanxiong and Huang, Wenhao and Huang, Xin and Huang, Xingtao and Huang, Yongbo and Hui, Jiaqi and Huo, Lei and Huo, Wenju and Huss, Cédric and Hussain, Safeer and Ioannisian, Ara and Isocrate, Roberto and Jelmini, Beatrice and Jen, Kuo-Lun and Jeria, Ignacio and Ji, Xiaolu and Ji, Xingzhao and Jia, Huihui and Jia, Junji and Jian, Siyu and Jiang, Di and Jiang, Xiaoshan and Jin, Ruyi and Jing, Xiaoping and Jollet, Cécile and Joutsenvaara, Jari and Jungthawan, Sirichok and Kalousis, Leonidas and Kampmann, Philipp and Kang, Li and Karagounis, Michael and Kazarian, Narine and Khan, Waseem and Khosonthongkee, Khanchai and Korablev, Denis and Kouzakov, Konstantin and Krasnoperov, Alexey and Kruth, Andre and Kutovskiy, Nikolay and Kuusiniemi, Pasi and Lachenmaier, Tobias and Landini, Cecilia and Leblanc, Sébastien and Lebrin, Victor and Lefevre, Frederic and Lei, Ruiting and Leitner, Rupert and Leung, Jason and Li, Demin and Li, Fei and Li, Fule and Li, Haitao and Li, Huiling and Li, Jiaqi and Li, Mengzhao and Li, Min and Li, Nan and Li, Nan and Li, Qingjiang and Li, Ruhui and Li, Shanfeng and Li, Tao and Li, Weidong and Li, Weiguo and Li, Xiaomei and Li, Xiaonan and Li, Xinglong and Li, Yi and Li, Yufeng and Li, Zhaohan and Li, Zhibing and Li, Ziyuan and Liang, Hao and Liang, Hao and Liang, Jingjing and Liao, Jiajun and Liebau, Daniel and Limphirat, Ayut and Limpijumnong, Sukit and Lin, Guey-Lin and Lin, Shengxin and Lin, Tao and Ling, Jiajie and Lippi, Ivano and Liu, Fang and Liu, Haidong and Liu, Hongbang and Liu, Hongjuan and Liu, Hongtao and Liu, Hui and Liu, Jianglai and Liu, Jinchang and Liu, Min and Liu, Qian and Liu, Qin and Liu, Runxuan and Liu, Shuangyu and Liu, Shubin and Liu, Shulin and Liu, Xiaowei and Liu, Xiwen and Liu, Yan and Liu, Yunzhe and Lokhov, Alexey and Lombardi, Paolo and Lombardo, Claudio and Loo, Kai and Lu, Chuan and Lu, Haoqi and Lu, Jingbin and Lu, Junguang and Lu, Shuxiang and Lu, Xiaoxu and Lubsandorzhiev, Bayarto and Lubsandorzhiev, Sultim and Ludhova, Livia and Luo, Fengjiao and Luo, Guang and Luo, Pengwei and Luo, Shu and Luo, Wuming and Lyashuk, Vladimir and Ma, Bangzheng and Ma, Qiumei and Ma, Si and Ma, Xiaoyan and Ma, Xubo and Maalmi, Jihane and Malyshkin, Yury and Mantovani, Fabio and Manzali, Francesco and Mao, Xin and Mao, Yajun and Mari, Stefano M. and Marini, Filippo and Marium, Sadia and Martellini, Cristina and Martin-Chassard, Gisele and Martini, Agnese and Mayilyan, Davit and Mednieks, Ints and Meng, Yue and Meregaglia, Anselmo and Meroni, Emanuela and Meyhöfer, David and Mezzetto, Mauro and Miller, Jonathan and Miramonti, Lino and Montini, Paolo and Montuschi, Michele and Müller, Axel and Muralidharan, Pavithra and Nastasi, Massimiliano and Naumov, Dmitry V. and Naumova, Elena and Navas-Nicolas, Diana and Nemchenok, Igor and NguyenThi, MinhThuan and Ning, Feipeng and Ning, Zhe and Nunokawa, Hiroshi and Oberauer, Lothar and Ochoa-Ricoux, Juan Pedro and Olshevskiy, Alexander and Orestano, Domizia and Ortica, Fausto and Othegraven, Rainer and Pan, Hsiao-Ru and Paoloni, Alessandro and Parkalian, Nina and Parmeggiano, Sergio and Pei, Yatian and Pelliccia, Nicomede and Peng, Anguo and Peng, Haiping and Perrot, Frédéric and Petitjean, Pierre-Alexandre and Petrucci, Fabrizio and Pilarczyk, Oliver and Rico, Luis Felipe and Popov, Artyom and Poussot, Pascal and Pratumwan, Wathan and Previtali, Ezio and Qi, Fazhi and Qi, Ming and Qian, Sen and Qian, Xiaohui and Qian, Zhen and Qiao, Hao and Qin, Zhonghua and Qiu, Shoukang and Rajput, Muhammad Usman and Ranucci, Gioacchino and Raper, Neill and Re, Alessandra and Rebber, Henning and Rebii, Abdel and Ren, Bin and Ren, Jie and Ricci, Barbara and Robens, Markus and Roche, Mathieu and Rodphai, Narongkiat and Romani, Aldo and Roskovec, Bedřich and Roth, Christian and Ruan, Xiangdong and Ruan, Xichao and Rujirawat, Saroj and Rybnikov, Arseniy and Sadovsky, Andrey and Saggese, Paolo and Sanfilippo, Simone and Sangka, Anut and Sanguansak, Nuanwan and Sawangwit, Utane and Sawatzki, Julia and Sawy, Fatma and Schever, Michaela and Schwab, Cédric and Schweizer, Konstantin and Selyunin, Alexandr and Serafini, Andrea and Settanta, Giulio and Settimo, Mariangela and Shao, Zhuang and Sharov, Vladislav and Shaydurova, Arina and Shi, Jingyan and Shi, Yanan and Shutov, Vitaly and Sidorenkov, Andrey and Šimkovic, Fedor and Sirignano, Chiara and Siripak, Jaruchit and Sisti, Monica and Slupecki, Maciej and Smirnov, Mikhail and Smirnov, Oleg and Sogo-Bezerra, Thiago and Sokolov, Sergey and Songwadhana, Julanan and Soonthornthum, Boonrucksar and Sotnikov, Albert and Šrámek, Ondřej and Sreethawong, Warintorn and Stahl, Achim and Stanco, Luca and Stankevich, Konstantin and Štefánik, Dušan and Steiger, Hans and Steinmann, Jochen and Sterr, Tobias and Stock, Matthias Raphael and Strati, Virginia and Studenikin, Alexander and Sun, Gongxing and Sun, Shifeng and Sun, Xilei and Sun, Yongjie and Sun, Yongzhao and Suwonjandee, Narumon and Szelezniak, Michal and Tang, Jian and Tang, Qiang and Tang, Quan and Tang, Xiao and Tietzsch, Alexander and Tkachev, Igor and Tmej, Tomas and Treskov, Konstantin and Triossi, Andrea and Troni, Giancarlo and Trzaska, Wladyslaw and Tuve, Cristina and Ushakov, Nikita and van den Boom, Johannes and van Waasen, Stefan and Vanroyen, Guillaume and Vassilopoulos, Nikolaos and Vedin, Vadim and Verde, Giuseppe and Vialkov, Maxim and Viaud, Benoit and Vollbrecht, Cornelius and Volpe, Cristina and Vorobel, Vit and Voronin, Dmitriy and Votano, Lucia and Walker, Pablo and Wang, Caishen and Wang, Chung-Hsiang and Wang, En and Wang, Guoli and Wang, Jian and Wang, Jun and Wang, Kunyu and Wang, Lu and Wang, Meifen and Wang, Meng and Wang, Meng and Wang, Ruiguang and Wang, Siguang and Wang, Wei and Wang, Wei and Wang, Wenshuai and Wang, Xi and Wang, Xiangyue and Wang, Yangfu and Wang, Yaoguang and Wang, Yi and Wang, Yi and Wang, Yifang and Wang, Yuanqing and Wang, Yuman and Wang, Zhe and Wang, Zheng and Wang, Zhimin and Wang, Zongyi and Waqas, Muhammad and Watcharangkool, Apimook and Wei, Lianghong and Wei, Wei and Wei, Wenlu and Wei, Yadong and Wen, Liangjian and Wiebusch, Christopher and Wong, Steven Chan-Fai and Wonsak, Bjoern and Wu, Diru and Wu, Fangliang and Wu, Qun and Wu, Zhi and Wurm, Michael and Wurtz, Jacques and Wysotzki, Christian and Xi, Yufei and Xia, Dongmei and Xie, Yuguang and Xie, Zhangquan and Xing, Zhizhong and Xu, Benda and Xu, Cheng and Xu, Donglian and Xu, Fanrong and Xu, Hangkun and Xu, Jilei and Xu, Jing and Xu, Meihang and Xu, Yin and Xu, Yu and Yan, Baojun and Yan, Taylor and Yan, Wenqi and Yan, Xiongbo and Yan, Yupeng and Yang, Anbo and Yang, Changgen and Yang, Huan and Yang, Jie and Yang, Lei and Yang, Xiaoyu and Yang, Yifan and Yang, Yifan and Yao, Haifeng and Yasin, Zafar and Ye, Jiaxuan and Ye, Mei and Ye, Ziping and Yegin, Ugur and Yermia, Frédéric and Yi, Peihuai and Yin, Na and Yin, Xiangwei and You, Zhengyun and Yu, Boxiang and Yu, Chiye and Yu, Chunxu and Yu, Hongzhao and Yu, Miao and Yu, Xianghui and Yu, Zeyuan and Yu, Zezhong and Yuan, Chengzhuo and Yuan, Ying and Yuan, Zhenxiong and Yuan, Ziyi and Yue, Baobiao and Zafar, Noman and Zambanini, Andre and Zavadskyi, Vitalii and Zeng, Shan and Zeng, Tingxuan and Zeng, Yuda and Zhan, Liang and Zhang, Aiqiang and Zhang, Feiyang and Zhang, Guoqing and Zhang, Haiqiong and Zhang, Honghao and Zhang, Jiawen and Zhang, Jie and Zhang, Jingbo and Zhang, Jinnan and Zhang, Peng and Zhang, Qingmin and Zhang, Shiqi and Zhang, Shu and Zhang, Tao and Zhang, Xiaomei and Zhang, Xuantong and Zhang, Xueyao and Zhang, Yan and Zhang, Yinhong and Zhang, Yiyu and Zhang, Yongpeng and Zhang, Yuanyuan and Zhang, Yumei and Zhang, Zhenyu and Zhang, Zhijian and Zhao, Fengyi and Zhao, Jie and Zhao, Rong and Zhao, Shujun and Zhao, Tianchi and Zheng, Dongqin and Zheng, Hua and Zheng, Minshan and Zheng, Yangheng and Zhong, Weirong and Zhou, Jing and Zhou, Li and Zhou, Nan and Zhou, Shun and Zhou, Tong and Zhou, Xiang and Zhu, Jiang and Zhu, Kangpu and Zhu, Kejun and Zhu, Zhihang and Zhuang, Bo and Zhuang, Honglin and Zong, Liang and Zou, Jiaheng},
}
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