Sodium metal battery (SMB, NMB) anodes can become dendritic due to an electrochemically unstable native Na-based solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Herein Li-ion activated tin sulfide graphene nanocomposite membrane (A-SnS–G) is employed as an artificial SEI layer, allowing cyclability of record-thin 100 μm Na metal foils. The thin Na metal is prepared by a self-designed metallurgical rolling protocol. A-SnS–G is initially placed onto the polypropylene (PP) separator but becomes in situ transferred onto the Na metal surface. Symmetric metal cells protected by A-SnS–G achieve low-overpotential extended high-rate cycling in a standard carbonate electrolyte (EC : DEC = 1 : 1, 5% FEC). Accumulated capacity of 1000 mA h cm −2 is obtained after 500 cycles at 4 mA cm −2 , with accumulated capacity-to-foil capacity (A/F) ratio of 90.9. This is among the most favorable cycle life, accumulated capacity, and anode utilization combinations reported. Protection by non-activated SnS–G membrane yields significantly worse cycling, albeit still superior to the baseline unprotected sodium. Post-mortem and dedicated light optical analysis indicate that metal swelling, dendrite growth and dead metal formation is extensive for the unprotected sample, but is suppressed with A-SnS–G. Per XPS, post-100 cycles near-surface structure of A-SnS–G is rich in metallic Sn alloys and inorganic carbonatemore »
This content will become publicly available on July 29, 2023
Thermally fabricated cobalt telluride in nitrogen-rich carbon dodecahedra as high-rate potassium and sodium ion battery anodes
Cobalt telluride anchored to nitrogen-rich carbon dodecahedra (CoTe@NCD) was synthesized by simultaneous pyrolysis-tellurium melt impregnation of ZIF-67 MOFs. The purely thermal method involved no secondary chemicals and no waste byproducts. The result is a microstructure consisting of nanoscale 86 wt% CoTe intermetallic nanoparticles contained within a thin N-rich carbon matrix. During electrochemical cycling, the 21 nm average diameter CoTe provides short diffusion paths for Na + /K + ions, which in conjunction with the electrically conducting carbon matrix allow for rapid potassiation or sodiation. As potassium ion battery (PIB and KIB) and sodium ion battery (NIB and SIB) anodes, CoTe@NCD demonstrates attractive reversible capacity, promising cycling stability, and state-of-the-art rate performance. For example, as a KIB anode, the CoTe@NCD electrode exhibits a reversible capacity of 380 mA h g −1 at 50 mA g −1 and a fast charge capacity of 136 mA h g −1 at 1000 mA g −1 . As a NIB anode, it also displays excellent rate capability achieving 620 mA h g −1 at 50 mA g −1 and 345 mA h g −1 at 1000 mA g −1 .
- Award ID(s):
- 1911905
- Publication Date:
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10354201
- Journal Name:
- Sustainable Energy & Fuels
- Volume:
- 6
- Issue:
- 15
- Page Range or eLocation-ID:
- 3582 to 3590
- ISSN:
- 2398-4902
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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