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   https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.103.104036  

   Psaltis, Dimitrios; Talbot, Colm; Payne, Ethan; Mandel, Ilya (May 2021, Physical Review D)

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2. Black Hole Ringdown: The Importance of Overtones

   https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.9.041060  

   Giesler, Matthew; Isi, Maximiliano; Scheel, Mark A.; Teukolsky, Saul A. (December 2019, Physical Review X)
3. Black Hole Leftovers: The Remnant Population from Binary Black Hole Mergers

   https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac0334  

   Doctor, Zoheyr; Farr, Ben; Holz, Daniel E. (June 2021, The Astrophysical Journal Letters)

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4. The Black Hole Explorer: using the photon ring to visualize spacetime around the black hole

   https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3019994  

   Galison, Peter; Johnson, Michael; Lupsasca, Alexandru; Gravely, Trevor; Berens, Roman (August 2024, SPIE)

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5. Black hole–galaxy scaling relations in FIRE: the importance of black hole location and mergers

   https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac040  

   Çatmabacak, Onur; Feldmann, Robert; Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel; Faucher-Giguère, Claude-André; Hopkins, Philip F.; Kereš, Dušan (January 2022, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society)

   ABSTRACT The concurrent growth of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and their host galaxies remains to be fully explored, especially at high redshift. While often understood as a consequence of self-regulation via AGN feedback, it can also be explained by alternative SMBH accretion models. Here, we expand on previous work by studying the growth of SMBHs with the help of a large suite of cosmological zoom-in simulations (MassiveFIRE) that are part of the Feedback in Realistic Environments (FIRE) project. The growth of SMBHs is modelled in post-processing with different black hole accretion models, placements, and merger treatments, and validated by comparing to on-the-fly calculations. Scaling relations predicted by the gravitational torque-driven accretion (GTDA) model agree with observations at low redshift without the need for AGN feedback, in contrast to models in which the accretion rate depends strongly on SMBH mass. At high redshift, we find deviations from the local scaling relations in line with previous theoretical results. In particular, SMBHs are undermassive, presumably due to stellar feedback, but start to grow efficiently once their host galaxies reach M* ∼ 1010M⊙. We analyse and explain these findings in the context of a simple analytic model. Finally, we show that the predicted scaling relations depend sensitively on the SMBH location and the efficiency of SMBH merging, particularly in low-mass systems. These findings highlight the relevance of understanding the evolution of SMBH-galaxy scaling relations to predict the rate of gravitational wave signals from SMBH mergers across cosmic history. 

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