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1. Lignin-based Solid Polymer Electrolytes: Lignin-graft-Poly(ethylene glycol)

   Liu, H.; Mulderrig, L.; Hallinan, D.; Chung, H. (January 2020, Macromolecular rapid communications)

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2. Lignin‐Based Solid Polymer Electrolytes: Lignin‐Graft‐Poly(ethylene glycol)

   https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.202000428  

   Liu, Hailing; Mulderrig, Logan; Hallinan, Jr., Daniel; Chung, Hoyong (October 2020, Macromolecular Rapid Communications)

   Abstract Lignin is an aromatic‐rich biomass polymer that is cheap, abundant, and sustainable. However, its application in the solid electrolyte field is rare due to challenges in well‐defined polymer synthesis. Herein, the synthesis of lignin‐graft‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and its conductivity test for a solid electrolyte application are demonstrated. The main steps of synthesis include functionalization of natural lignin's hydroxyl to alkene, followed by graft‐copolymerization of PEG thiol to the lignin via photoredox thiol‐ene reaction. Two lignin‐graft‐PEGs are prepared having 22 wt% lignin (lignin‐graft‐PEG 550) and 34 wt% lignin (lignin‐graft‐PEG 2000). Then, new polymer electrolytes for conductivity tests are prepared via addition of lithium bis‐trifluoromethanesulfonimide. The polymer graft electrolytes exhibit ionic conductivity up to 1.4 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹ at 35 °C. The presence of lignin moderately impacts conductivity at elevated temperature compared to homopolymer PEG. Furthermore, the ionic conductivity of lignin‐graft‐PEG at ambient temperature is significantly higher than homopolymer PEG precedents. 

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3. Electrocatalytic Lignin Oxidation

   https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.1c01767  

   Yang, Cheng; Maldonado, Stephen; Stephenson, Corey R. (August 2021, ACS Catalysis)

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4. Linked in with lignin

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s41557-025-01824-w  

   Dike, Moses; Dishari, Shudipto Konika (June 2025, Nature Chemistry)
5. Selective C–C Bond Cleavage of Methylene-Linked Lignin Models and Kraft Lignin

   https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.8b00200  

   Shuai, Li; Sitison, Jake; Sadula, Sunitha; Ding, Junhuan; Thies, Mark C.; Saha, Basudeb (May 2018, ACS Catalysis)