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Abstract Herbivorous consumption of primary production is a key transformation in global biogeochemical cycles, directing matter and energy either to higher trophic levels, export production, or remineralization. Grazing by microzooplankton is often poorly constrained, particularly in dynamic coastal systems. Temperate coastal areas are seasonally and spatially variable, which presents both challenges and opportunities to identify patterns and drivers of grazing pressure. Here we report on two winter and one summer week‐long cruises (2018–2019), as part of the new Northeast U.S. Shelf Long‐Term Ecological Research program. During both seasons, coastal waters were colder and fresher, and had higher phytoplankton biomass than waters at the shelf break. The phytoplankton community was dominated by large cells in winter and by small cells in summer. Phytoplankton growth rates ranged from < 0.5 d−1in winter and up to 1.4 d−1in summer and were strongly correlated to temperature, to light availability, and to phytoplankton community size‐structure. Grazing rates were not correlated with total chlorophyll a, which points to other biological drivers, including species composition in predator‐prey interactions at the first trophic level. The percentage of primary production consumed (%PP) indicated higher trophic transfer in winter (%PP > 50%) than during summer (%PP < 20%), highlighting seasonal shifts in planktonic food web structure and function. These results imply that predictable shifts in environmental conditions can be linked to ecosystem shifts in net primary production. Hierarchies of variability, from localized to interannual and long‐term climate driven, can be understood within the context of sustained measurements of ecosystem properties and function.
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Light fluctuations are key in modulating plankton trophic dynamics and their impact on primary production
Abstract Surface‐ocean mixing creates dynamic light environments with predictable effects on phytoplankton growth but unknown consequences for predation. We investigated how variations in average mixed‐layer (ML) irradiance shaped plankton trophic dynamics by incubating a Northwest‐Atlantic plankton community for 4 days at high (H) and low (L) light, followed by exposure to either sustained or reversed light intensities. In deep‐ML (sustained L), phytoplankton biomass declined (μ= −0.2 ± 0.08 d−1) and grazing was absent. In shallow‐ML (sustained H), growth exceeded grazing (μ= 0.46 ± 0.07 d−1;g= 0.32 ± 0.04 d−1). In rapidly changing ML‐conditions simulated by switching light‐availability, growth and grazing responded on different timescales. During rapid ML‐shoaling (L to H),μimmediately increased (0.23 ± 0.01 d−1) with no change in grazing. During rapid ML‐deepening (H to L),μimmediately decreased (0.02 ± 0.09 d−1), whereas grazing remained high (g= 0.38 ± 0.05 d−1). Predictable rate responses of phytoplankton growth (rapid) vs. grazing (delayed) to measurable light variability can provide insights into predator‐prey processes and their effects on spatio‐temporal dynamics of phytoplankton biomass.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1655221
- PAR ID:
- 10375742
- Publisher / Repository:
- Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Limnology and Oceanography Letters
- Volume:
- 5
- Issue:
- 5
- ISSN:
- 2378-2242
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- p. 346-353
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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