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1. Helium release during shale deformation: Experimental validation: HELIUM RELEASE DURING SHALE DEFORMATION

   https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GC006352  

   Bauer, Stephen J.; Gardner, W. Payton; Heath, Jason E. (July 2016, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems)
2. Nitrogen management during decarbonization

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-024-00586-2  

   Zhang, Xin; Sabo, Robert; Rosa, Lorenzo; Niazi, Hassan; Kyle, Page; Byun, Jun Suk; Wang, Yanyu; Yan, Xiaoyuan; Gu, Baojing; Davidson, Eric A (October 2024, Nature Reviews Earth & Environment)

   Decarbonization is crucial to combat climate change. However, some decarbonization strategies could profoundly impact the nitrogen cycle. In this Review, we explore the nitrogen requirements of five major decarbonization strategies to reveal the complex interconnections between the carbon and nitrogen cycles and identify opportunities to enhance their mutually sustainable management. Some decarbonization strategies require substantial new nitrogen production, potentially leading to increased nutrient pollution and exacerbation of eutrophication in aquatic systems. For example, the strategy of substituting 44% of fossil fuels used in marine shipping with ammonia-based fuels could reduce CO2 emissions by up to 0.38 Gt CO2-eq yr−1 but would require a corresponding increase in new nitrogen synthesis of 212 Tg N yr−1. Similarly, using biofuels to achieve 0.7 ± 0.3 Gt CO2-eq yr−1 mitigation would require new nitrogen inputs to croplands of 21–42 Tg N yr−1. To avoid increasing nitrogen losses and exacerbating eutrophication, decarbonization efforts should be designed to provide carbon–nitrogen co-benefits. Reducing the use of carbon-intensive synthetic nitrogen fertilizer is one example that can simultaneously reduce both nitrogen inputs by 14 Tg N yr−1 and CO2 emissions by 0.04 (0.03–0.06) Gt CO2-eq yr−1. Future research should guide decarbonization efforts to mitigate eutrophication and enhance nitrogen use efficiency in agriculture, food and energy systems. 

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3. System Weaving During Crisis

   Goldstein, Bruce Evan (March 2021, Japan social innovation journal)

   Strategies for responding to different kinds of crisis were explored by highly experienced network designers and facilitators (or “netweavers”) during a dialogue series on how to maintain lively and generative innovation communities held from 2018 to 2020. During these discussions, netweavers wrestled with the need to enhance the resilience of their organizations to stress while not inhibiting the opportunities for a more fundamental change that a crisis can bring. In their own words, I provide what participants shared about how to give their members opportunities to connect and support one another, reflect on changing opportunities, and rapidly pivot toward time-sensitive opportunities after the COVID-19 outbreak. I also offer their reflections on the Black Lives Matter protests of the summer of 2020 about the impact of systemic racism within their organizations and efforts to identify and act on changes within their grasp. In both cases, the netweavers stressed that active and latent capacities they had cultivated in prior years had proven essential for a rapid and effective response to shock and stress. 

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4. Prebiotic Protocell Membranes Retain Encapsulated Contents during Flocculation, and Phospholipids Preserve Encapsulation during Dehydration

   https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03296  

   Cohen, Zachary R.; Cornell, Caitlin. E.; Catling, David C.; Black, Roy A.; Keller, Sarah L. (January 2022, Langmuir)
5. Shifting sociality during primate ageing

   https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0620  

   Machanda, Zarin P.; Rosati, Alexandra G. (November 2020, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences)

   null (Ed.)

   Humans exhibit major age-related shifts in social relationships along with changes in social and emotional psychological processes that underpin these behavioural shifts. Does social ageing in non-human primates follow similar patterns, and if so, what are the ultimate evolutionary consequences of these social shifts? Here we synthesize empirical evidence for shifts in social behaviour and underlying psychological processes across species. Focusing on three elements of social behaviour and cognition that are important for humans—propensities to engage with others, the positive versus negative valence of these interactions, and capabilities to influence others, we find evidence for wide variation in the trajectories of these characteristics across primates. Based on this, we identify potential modulators of the primate social ageing process, including social organization, sex and dominance status. Finally, we discuss how comparative research can contextualize human social ageing. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Evolution of the primate ageing process’. 

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