Introduction Campylobacter spp. infections are responsible for significant diarrheal disease burden across the globe, with prevalence thought to be increasing. Although wild avian species have been studied as reservoirs of Campylobacter spp., our understanding of the role of wild mammalian species in disease transmission and persistence is limited. Host factors influencing infection dynamics in wild mammals have been neglected, particularly life traits, and the role of these factors in zoonotic spillover risk is largely unknown. Methods Here, we conducted a systematic literature review, identifying mammalian species that had been tested for Campylobacter spp. infections (molecular and culture based). We used logistic regression to evaluate the relationship between the detection of Campylobacter spp. in feces and host life traits (urban association, trophic level, and sociality). Results Our analysis suggest that C. jejuni transmission is associated with urban living and trophic level. The probability of carriage was highest in urban-associated species ( p = 0.02793) and the most informative model included trophic level. In contrast, C. coli carriage appears to be strongly influenced by sociality ( p = 0.0113) with trophic level still being important. Detection of Campylobacter organisms at the genus level, however, was only associated with trophic level ( p = 0.0156), highlighting the importance of this trait in exposure dynamics across host and Campylobacter pathogen systems. Discussion While many challenges remain in the detection and characterization of Camploybacter spp., these results suggest that host life traits may have important influence on pathogen exposure and transmission dynamics, providing a useful starting point for more directed surveillance approaches.
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Biofunctionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles with Multiplex Touchdown PCR for Simultaneous and Rapid Detection/Identification of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli
The simple, accurate, and rapid detection of foodborne pathogens is essential for public health. Development of an immunomagnetic separation (IMS) multiplex touchdown PCR (IMS–multiplex TD–PCR) assay for simultaneous detection and distinguishing of C. jejuni and C. coli is reported herein. Polyclonal antibody (pAb) against multiepitope antigen (MEA) was conjugated to ferromagnetic nanoparticles (FMNs) to produce anti-MEA FMNs. Optimal anti-MEA FMNs loading yielded 26.7 μg of immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules per mg of FMNs with an average size of 72 ± 9 nm, corresponding to an 83% rate of pAb conjugation. Anti-MEA FMNs (20 μg) for IMS captured culturable C. jejuni cells at 3.54 × 10 2 colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL in pure culture, while higher amounts (40 and 60 μg) reduced the recovery. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis revealed the attachment of anti-MEA FMNs to target bacteria, forming aggregated cells and magnetic nanoparticles in ellipse-like shapes. The subsequent multiplex TD–PCR assay simultaneously detected and distinguished C. jejuni and C. coli at 104 CFU/mL in mixed culture and at 103 CFU/mL for each individual species. Furthermore, the limit of detection (LOD) of the IMS–multiplex TD–PCR assay was 104 CFU/g in spiked chicken breast samples. Specificity was 100% for both C. jejuni and C. coli as none of the amplicons were detected in control samples where Campylobacter was absent. This assay is able to detect and distinguish C. jejuni and C. coli simultaneously and is simple, accurate, and rapid with a time to result of 4 h without an enrichment step, making it a promising approach for rapid and culture-free detection of Campylobacter in chicken products.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1944791
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10395919
- Editor(s):
- Parvinzadeh Gashti, Mazeyar
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Nanomaterials
- Volume:
- 2022
- ISSN:
- 1687-4110
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 1 to 19
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5104187
