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1. Eye Tracking in Virtual Reality: a Broad Review of Applications and Challenges

   https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-022-00738-z  

   Adhanom, Isayas Berhe; MacNeilage, Paul; Folmer, Eelke (January 2023, Virtual Reality)

   Abstract Eye tracking is becoming increasingly available in head-mounted virtual reality displays with various headsets with integrated eye trackers already commercially available. The applications of eye tracking in virtual reality are highly diversified and span multiple disciplines. As a result, the number of peer-reviewed publications that study eye tracking applications has surged in recent years. We performed a broad review to comprehensively search academic literature databases with the aim of assessing the extent of published research dealing with applications of eye tracking in virtual reality, and highlighting challenges, limitations and areas for future research. 

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2. A Human Factors Approach to Improve Layout Design for A Virtual Reality-based Training Platform

   https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231192657  

   Kobir, Md Humaun; Rahman, Taufiq; Yang, Yiran; Deb, Shuchisnigdha (September 2023, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting)

   In manufacturing industries, equipment arrangement, and layout design are critical factors that directly influence productivity, workplace safety, and workers’ performance. Link analysis, as a human factors approach, has been widely used in industries for many years to improve layout design and machinery arrangement. This approach considers humans' physical and cognitive capabilities and movement limitations to find an optimal design. Virtual reality significantly impacts our society from product design to worker training. Hence, effective virtual training platforms require the same attention to layout design as manufacturing work settings which offer efficient testing of multiple layouts. This research focuses on developing a virtual 3D printing laboratory for workforce training and has used a link analysis and user perception study to improve the layout of the virtual workplace. The research demonstrates the importance of layout design in virtual training platforms and the potential benefits of utilizing link analysis in optimizing layout design. 

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3. Supporting Teacher Self-efficacy and TPACK: Teaching Louisiana Wetlands Using Virtual Field Trips

   Olokunde, Temitope; Jones, Nastassia N. (March 2023, Proceedings of Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference)

   Langran, E.; Christensen, P.; Sanson, J. (Ed.)

   Education about natural environments and their connection to ecosystems has the potential to foster environmental literacy and stewardship. Fostering environmental awareness in students helps them to learn about STEM topics in nature through hands-on classroom lessons with immersive experiences. Virtual reality technology serves as an educational tool that provides immersive learning experiences, which makes it relevant to developing environmental knowledge. This study focuses on Louisiana’s natural environment, particularly the Louisiana wetlands that exist near communities with little to no STEM training opportunities for teachers and students in K-12 schools. A virtual reality themed professional development program was established in Louisiana, to equip STEM teachers with virtual reality skills to immerse students into simulated field experiences of Louisiana wetlands. Integrating virtual reality technology into the teaching of Louisiana wetlands, helps put STEM concepts in a real-world context that is relatable to teachers and students living in these areas. This study draws insight from the teachers’ learning experiences as they participated in the professional development program. 

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4. INTERACTIVE VISUALIZATION FOR COASTAL HAZARDS

   https://doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.management.190  

   Zhou, Zili; Lynett, Patrick; Ebrahimi, Behzad (September 2023, Coastal Engineering Proceedings)

   Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that integrates 3D virtual objects into the physical world in real-time, while virtual reality (VR) is a technology that immerses users in an interactive 3D virtual environment. The fast development of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technologies has reshaped how people interact with the physical world. This presentation will outline the results from two unique AR and one Web-based VR coastal engineering projects, motivating the next stage in the development of the augmented reality package for coastal students, engineers, and planners. 

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5. GazeXR: A generally eye-tracking system enabling invariable gaze data in virtual environment

   https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77599-5_4  

   Lenart, C. (January 2021, Virtual, augmented and mixed reality)

   J. Y. C., Chen (Ed.)

   Controlling and standardizing experiments is imperative for quantitative research methods. With the increase in the availability and quantity of low-cost eye-tracking devices, gaze data are considered as an important user input for quantitative analysis in many social science research areas, especially incorporating with virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies. This poses new challenges in providing a default interface for gaze data in a common method. This paper propose GazeXR, which focuses on designing a general eye-tracking system interfacing two eye-tracking devices and creating a hardware independent virtual environment. We apply GazeXR to the in-class teaching experience analysis use case using external eye-tracking hardware to collect the gaze data for the gaze track analysis. 

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