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1. WearRF-CLA: Continuous Location Authentication with Wrist Wearables and UHF RFID

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3488932.3517426  

   Li, Ang ; Li, Jiawei ; Han, Dianqi ; Zhang, Yan ; Li, Tao ; Zhang, Yanchao ( May 2022 , 2022 ACM on Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security)

   Continuous location authentication (CLA) seeks to continuously and automatically verify the physical presence of legitimate users in a protected indoor area. CLA can play an important role in contexts where access to electrical or physical resources must be limited to physically present legitimate users. In this paper, we present WearRF-CLA, a novel CLA scheme built upon increasingly popular wrist wearables and UHF RFID systems. WearRF-CLA explores the observation that human daily routines in a protected indoor area comprise a sequence of human-states (e.g., walking and sitting) that follow predictable state transitions. Each legitimate WearRF-CLA user registers his/her RFID tag and also wrist wearable during system enrollment. After the user enters a protected area, WearRF-CLA continuously collects and processes the gyroscope data of the wrist wearable and the phase data of the RFID tag signals to verify three factors to determine the user's physical presence/absence without explicit user involvement: (1) the tag ID as in a traditional RFID authentication system, (2) the validity of the human-state chain, and (3) the continuous coexistence of the paired wrist wearable and RFID tag with the user. The user passes CLA if and only if all three factors can be validated. Extensive user experiments onmore »commodity smartwatches and UHF RFID devices confirm the very high security and low authentication latency of WearRF-CLA.« less
2. Multi-hop routing protocols for RFID systems with tag-to-tag communication

   https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2017.8170764  

   Liu, Chang ; Haas, Zygmunt J. ( October 2017 , IEEE Military Communications Conference)

   Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a technology for automated identification of objects and people. RFID technology is expected to find extensive use in applications related to the Internet of Things, and in particular applications of Internet of Battlefield Things. Of particular interest are passive RFID tags due to a number of their salient advantages. Such tags, lacking energy sources of their own, use backscattering of the power of an RF source (a reader) to communicate. Recently, passive RFID tag-to-tag (T2T) communication has been demonstrated, via which tags can directly communicate with each other and share information. This opens the possibility of building a Network of Tags (NeTa), in which the passive tags communicate among themselves to perform data processing functions. Among possible applications of NeTa are monitoring services in hard-to-reach locations. As an essential step toward implementation of NeTa, we consider a novel multi-hop network architecture; in particular, with the proposed novel turbo backscattering operation, inter-tag distances can be significantly increased. Due to the interference among tags’ transmissions, one of the main technical challenges of implementing such the NeTa architecture is the routing protocol design. In this paper, we introduce a design of a routing protocol, which is based onmore »a solution of a non-linear binary optimization problem. We study the performance of the proposed protocol and investigate impacts of several network factors, such as the tag density and the transmit power of the reader.« less
3. TrueHeart: Continuous Authentication on Wrist-worn Wearables Using PPG-based Biometrics

   https://doi.org/10.1109/INFOCOM41043.2020.9155526  

   Zhao, Tianming ; Wang, Yan ; Liu, Jian ; Chen, Yingying ; Cheng, Jerry ; Yu, Jiadi ( July 2020 , IEEE Conference on Computer Communications)

   Traditional one-time user authentication processes might cause friction and unfavorable user experience in many widely-used applications. This is a severe problem in particular for security-sensitive facilities if an adversary could obtain unauthorized privileges after a user’s initial login. Recently, continuous user authentication (CA) has shown its great potential by enabling seamless user authentication with few active participation. We devise a low-cost system exploiting a user’s pulsatile signals from the photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor in commercial wrist-worn wearables for CA. Compared to existing approaches, our system requires zero user effort and is applicable to practical scenarios with non-clinical PPG measurements having motion artifacts (MA). We explore the uniqueness of the human cardiac system and design an MA filtering method to mitigate the impacts of daily activities. Furthermore, we identify general fiducial features and develop an adaptive classifier using the gradient boosting tree (GBT) method. As a result, our system can authenticate users continuously based on their cardiac characteristics so little training effort is required. Experiments with our wrist-worn PPG sensing platform on 20 participants under practical scenarios demonstrate that our system can achieve a high CA accuracy of over 90% and a low false detection rate of 4% in detecting random attacks.
4. Enhancing the Security of Pattern Unlock with Surface EMG-Based Biometrics

   https://doi.org/10.3390/app10020541  

   Li, Qingqing ; Dong, Penghui ; Zheng, Jun ( January 2020 , Applied Sciences)

   Pattern unlock is a popular screen unlock scheme that protects the sensitive data and information stored in mobile devices from unauthorized access. However, it is also susceptible to various attacks, including guessing attacks, shoulder surfing attacks, smudge attacks, and side-channel attacks, which can achieve a high success rate in breaking the patterns. In this paper, we propose a new two-factor screen unlock scheme that incorporates surface electromyography (sEMG)-based biometrics with patterns for user authentication. sEMG signals are unique biometric traits suitable for person identification, which can greatly improve the security of pattern unlock. During a screen unlock session, sEMG signals are recorded when the user draws the pattern on the device screen. Time-domain features extracted from the recorded sEMG signals are then used as the input of a one-class classifier to identify the user is legitimate or not. We conducted an experiment involving 10 subjects to test the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. It is shown that the adopted time-domain sEMG features and one-class classifiers achieve good authentication performance in terms of the F 1 score and Half of Total Error Rate (HTER). The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is a promising solution to enhance the security of patternmore »unlock.« less
5. Utilizing Keystroke Dynamics as Additional Security Measure to Protect Account Recovery Mechanism [Utilizing Keystroke Dynamics as Additional Security Measure to Protect Account Recovery Mechanism]

   https://doi.org/10.5220/0010191200330042  

   Wahab, Ahmed ; Hou, Daqing ; Schuckers, Stephanie ; Barbir, Abbie ( January 2021 , 7th International Conference on Information Systems Security and Privacy)

   Account recovery is ubiquitous across web applications but circumvents the username/password-based login step. Therefore, it deserves the same level of security as the user authentication process. A common simplistic procedure for account recovery requires that a user enters the same email used during registration, to which a password recovery link or a new username could be sent. Therefore, an impostor with access to a user’s registration email and other credentials can trigger an account recovery session to take over the user’s account. To prevent such attacks, beyond validating the email and other credentials entered by the user, our proposed recovery method utilizes keystroke dynamics to further secure the account recovery mechanism. Keystroke dynamics is a type of behavioral biometrics that uses the analysis of typing rhythm for user authentication. Using a new dataset with over 500,000 keystrokes collected from 44 students and university staff when they fill out an account recovery web form of multiple fields, we have evaluated the performance of five scoring algorithms on individual fields as well as feature-level fusion and weighted-score fusion. We achieve the best EER of 5.47% when keystroke dynamics from individual fields are used, 0% for a feature-level fusion of five fields, andmore »0% for a weighted-score fusion of seven fields. Our work represents a new kind of keystroke dynamics that we would like to call it ‘medium fixed-text’ as it sits between the conventional (short) fixed text and (long) free text research.« less