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1. Pedagogical Practices that Facilitate the Development of Computational Thinking Skills and Dispositions in Makerspaces

   Hadad, R. (January 2023, Annual meeting program American Educational Research Association)

   Focusing on computational thinking (CT) as the process to integrate computer science across subjects, and making as the activity to engage in this process, is a promising way to introduce students to computing. However, there is little guidance on what practices instructors should employ in maker activities to support CT skill/disposition development. This case study takes place in a makerspace program, using the cognitive apprenticeship conceptual framework as analytical framing to answer the question: Within makerspace activities what evidence exists regarding promising practices that support youth development of CT skills and dispositions? Findings inform our understanding of practices instructors can utilize in making activities to assist students in advancing their CT skills/dispositions: tinkering, embodiment, walkthroughs, drawing, and debugging. 

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2. Understanding young children’s science learning through embodied communication within an MR environment

   https://doi.org/10.1007/s11412-023-09395-z  

   Tu, Xintian; Danish, Joshua; Humburg, Megan; Zhou, Mengxi; Mathayas, Nitasha; Enyedy, Noel; Jen, Tessaly (July 2023, International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning)

   Abstract While there is increased interest in using movement and embodiment to support learning due to the rise in theories of embodied cognition and learning, additional work needs to be done to explore how we can make sense of students collectively developing their understanding within a mixed-reality environment. In this paper, we explore embodied communication’s individual and collective functions as a way of seeing students’ learning through embodiment. We analyze data from a mixed-reality (MR) environment: Science through Technology Enhanced Play (STEP) (Danish et al., International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning 15:49–87, 2020), using descriptive statistics and interaction analysis to explore the role of gesture and movement in student classroom activities and their pre-and post-interviews. The results reveal that students appear to develop gestures for representing challenging concepts within the classroom and then use these gestures to help clarify their understanding within the interview context. We further explore how students collectively develop these gestures in the classroom, with a focus on their communicative acts, then provide a list of individual and collective functions that are supported by student gestures and embodiment within the STEP MR environment, and discuss the functions of each act. Finally, we illustrate the value of attending to these gestures for educators and designers interested in supporting embodied learning. 

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3. Working Together Apart through Embodiment: Engaging in Everyday Collaborative Activities in Social Virtual Reality

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3492836  

   Freeman, Guo; Acena, Dane; McNeese, Nathan J.; Schulenberg, Kelsea (January 2022, Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction)

   Computer-mediated collaboration has long been a core research interest in CSCW and HCI. As online social spaces continue to evolve towards more immersive and higher fidelity experiences, more research is still needed to investigate how emerging novel technology may foster and support new and more nuanced forms and experiences of collaboration in virtual environments. Using 30 interviews, this paper focuses on what people may collaborate on and how they collaborate in social Virtual Reality (VR). We broaden current studies on computer-mediated collaboration by highlighting the importance of embodiment for co-presence and communication, replicating offline collaborative activities, and supporting the seamless interplay of work, play, and mundane experiences in everyday lives for experiencing and conceptualizing collaboration in emerging virtual environments. We also propose potential design implications that could further support everyday collaborative activities in social VR 

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4. Representation Alignment from Human Feedback for Cross-Embodiment Reward Learning from Mixed-Quality Demonstrations

   Mattson, Connor; Aribandi, Anurag; Brown, Daniel S (August 2024, Reinforcement Learning Journal)

   We study the problem of cross-embodiment inverse reinforcement learning, where we wish to learn a reward function from video demonstrations in one or more embodiments and then transfer the learned reward to a different embodiment (e.g., different action space, dynamics, size, shape, etc.). Learning reward functions that transfer across embodiments is important in settings such as teaching a robot a policy via human video demonstrations or teaching a robot to imitate a policy from another robot with a different embodiment. However, prior work has only focused on cases where near-optimal demonstrations are available, which is often difficult to ensure. By contrast, we study the setting of cross-embodiment reward learning from mixed-quality demonstrations. We demonstrate that prior work struggles to learn generalizable reward representations when learning from mixed-quality data. We then analyze several techniques that leverage human feedback for representation learning and alignment to enable effective cross-embodiment learning. Our results give insight into how different representation learning techniques lead to qualitatively different reward shaping behaviors and the importance of human feedback when learning from mixed-quality, mixed-embodiment data. 

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5. GETTING A GRIP ON GEOMETRY: DEVELOPING A TANGIBLE MANIPULATIVE FOR INCLUSIVE QUADRILATERAL LEARNING

   Lambert, S. (January 2022, Giornale italiano di educazione alla salute sport e didattica inclusiva)

   A joint project of design-based educational researchers, mechatronic engineers, and digital accessibility experts has created a new genre of pedagogical technologies — hybrid material–digital multimodal artifacts for collaborative learning of sensorily diverse students in inclusive classrooms. Here we present the Quad, a manipulable quadrilateral hand-held object that is linked in real time to its digital screen-based simulation, whose own transformation, in turn, activates content-oriented voice description and output sonification. Pilot studies with blind and visually-impaired student-participants suggest the Quad’s potential in grounding geometric reasoning, insight, and generalization in exploratory haptic–proprioceptive investigation. In its conception and development, the Quad exemplifies the ethical, philosophical, and theoretical perspectives of its collaborating designers respecting all children’s universal right to access and participate in cultural practices, including techno–scientific activities. As researchers, we harness technological innovations to realize moral obligations and, through that, to promote the study of human perception, action, and cognition. We look forward to mutual growth of our research program along with parallel efforts advancing an Italian project to promote teachers’ pre-service training and professional development surrounding implications of the embodiment turn in the cognitive sciences for school-based instructional practice. 

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