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Abstract We present a metal–semiconductor (M–S) based electro-optic modulator designed for functional plasmonic circuits, utilizing the active control of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) at M–S junction interfaces. Through self-consistent multiphysics simulations, including electromagnetic, thermal, and current–voltage (IV) characteristics, we estimate bias- and doping concentration-dependent SPP modulation and switching times. This study focuses on germanium-based Schottky contacts and can be extended to other semiconducting materials. We performed parametric analysis using the developed thermo-electro-optic model to identify device parameters and dimensions for enhanced optical confinement and faster operation. The studied device exhibits signal modulation exceeding −28 dB, responsivity greater than −1800 dB V−1, and switching rates of 8 GHz, suggesting potential data rates above 16 Gbit s−1. Additionally, frequency response analysis using the numerical model confirms the device’s electrical tunability and predicts a 3 dB bandwidth of up to 4 GHz. These findings highlight the significant potential of Schottky junctions as active components in the development of plasmonic-based integrated circuits.
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Response times of a degenerately doped semiconductor based plasmonic modulator
We present a transient response study of a semiconductor based plasmonic switch. The proposed device operates through active control and modulation of localized electron density waves, i.e., surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) at degenerately doped In0.53Ga0.47As based PN++junctions. A set of devices is designed and fabricated, and its optical and electronic behaviors are studied both experimentally and theoretically. Optical characterization shows far-field reflectivity modulation, a result of electrical tuning of the SPPs at the PN++junctions for mid-IR wavelengths, with significant 3 dB bandwidths. Numerical studies using a self-consistent electro-optic multi-physics model are performed to uncover the temporal response of the devices’ electromagnetic and kinetic mechanisms facilitating the SPP switching at the PN++junctions. Numerical simulations show strong synergy with the experimental results, validating the claim of potential optoelectronic switching with a 3 dB bandwidth as high as 2 GHz. Thus, this study confirms that the presented SPP diode architecture can be implemented for high-speed control of SPPs through electrical means, providing a pathway toward fast all-semiconductor plasmonic devices.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2138198
- PAR ID:
- 10405404
- Publisher / Repository:
- Optical Society of America
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Journal of the Optical Society of America B
- Volume:
- 40
- Issue:
- 5
- ISSN:
- 0740-3224; JOBPDE
- Format(s):
- Medium: X Size: Article No. 978
- Size(s):
- Article No. 978
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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