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In this study, we investigate how different types of masks affect automatic emotion classification in different channels of audio, visual, and multimodal. We train emotion classification models for each modality with the original data without mask and the re-generated data with mask respectively, and investigate how muffled speech and occluded facial expressions change the prediction of emotions. Moreover, we conduct the contribution analysis to study how muffled speech and occluded face interplay with each other and further investigate the individual contribution of audio, visual, and audio-visual modalities to the prediction of emotion with and without mask. Finally, we investigate the cross-corpus emotion recognition across clear speech and re-generated speech with different types of masks, and discuss the robustness of speech emotion recognition.
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Robustness Disparities in Face Detection
Facial analysis systems have been deployed by large companies and critiqued by scholars and activists for the past decade. Many existing algorithmic audits examine the performance of these systems on later stage elements of facial analysis systems like facial recognition and age, emotion, or perceived gender prediction; however, a core component to these systems has been vastly understudied from a fairness perspective: face detection, sometimes called face localization. Since face detection is a pre-requisite step in facial analysis systems, the bias we observe in face detection will flow downstream to the other components like facial recognition and emotion prediction. Additionally, no prior work has focused on the robustness of these systems under various perturbations and corruptions, which leaves open the question of how various people are impacted by these phenomena. We present the first of its kind detailed benchmark of face detection systems, specifically examining the robustness to noise of commercial and academic models. We use both standard and recently released academic facial datasets to quantitatively analyze trends in face detection robustness. Across all the datasets and systems, we generally find that photos of individuals who are masculine presenting, older, of darker skin type, or have dim lighting are more susceptible to errors than their counterparts in other identities.
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- PAR ID:
- 10409133
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 35 (NeurIPS 2022) Datasets and Benchmarks Track
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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