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1. The Beaufort Gyre intensification and stabilization: A model-observation synthesis: BEAUFORT GYRE STABILIZATION

   https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012196  

   Zhang, Jinlun; Steele, Michael; Runciman, Kay; Dewey, Sarah; Morison, James; Lee, Craig; Rainville, Luc; Cole, Sylvia; Krishfield, Richard; Timmermans, Mary-Louise; et al (November 2016, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans)
2. Partitioning of Kinetic Energy in the Arctic Ocean's Beaufort Gyre: BEAUFORT GYRE KINETIC ENERGY

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014037  

   Zhao, Mengnan; Timmermans, Mary-Louise; Krishfield, Richard; Manucharyan, Georgy (July 2018, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans)
3. The Arctic Ocean's Beaufort Gyre

   https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-032122-012034  

   Timmermans, Mary-Louise; Toole, John M. (January 2023, Annual Review of Marine Science)

   The Arctic Ocean's Beaufort Gyre is a dominant feature of the Arctic system, a prominent indicator of climate change, and possibly a control factor for high-latitude climate. The state of knowledge of the wind-driven Beaufort Gyre is reviewed here, including its forcing, relationship to sea-ice cover, source waters, circulation, and energetics. Recent decades have seen pronounced change in all elements of the Beaufort Gyre system. Sea-ice losses have accompanied an intensification of the gyre circulation and increasing heat and freshwater content. Present understanding of these changes is evaluated, and time series of heat and freshwater content are updated to include the most recent observations. 

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4. Biophysical Consequences of a Relaxing Beaufort Gyre

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085990  

   Zhang, Jinlun; Spitz, Yvette H.; Steele, Michael; Ashjian, Carin; Campbell, Robert; Schweiger, Axel (January 2020, Geophysical Research Letters)

   null (Ed.)
5. Arctic Cyclone Activity and the Beaufort High

   https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0771.1  

   Kenigson, Jessica S.; Timmermans, M.-L. (May 2021, Journal of Climate)

   null (Ed.)

   Abstract The Beaufort high (BH) and its accompanying anticyclonic winds drive the Arctic Ocean’s Beaufort Gyre, the major freshwater reservoir of the Arctic Ocean. The Beaufort Gyre circulation and its capacity to accumulate or release freshwater rely on the BH intensity. The migration of Nordic seas cyclones into the Arctic has been hypothesized to moderate the strength of the BH. We explore this hypothesis by analyzing reanalysis sea level pressure fields to characterize the BH and identify and track cyclones north of 60°N during 1948–2019. A cluster analysis of Nordic seas cyclone trajectories reveals a western pathway (through the Arctic interior) associated with a relatively weak BH and an eastern pathway (along the Arctic periphery) associated with a relatively strong BH. Furthermore, we construct cyclone activity indices (CAIs) in the Arctic and Nordic seas that take into account multiple cyclone parameters (number, strength, and duration). There are significant correlations between the BH and the CAIs in the Arctic and Nordic seas during 1948–2019, with anomalously strong cyclone activity related to an anomalously weak BH, and vice versa. We show how the Arctic and Nordic seas CAIs experienced a regime shift toward increased cyclone activity between the first four decades analyzed (1948–88) and the most recent three decades (1989–2019). Over the same two time periods, the BH exhibits a weakening. Increased cyclone activity and an accompanying weakening of the BH may be consistent with expectations in a warming Arctic and have implications for Beaufort Gyre dynamics and freshwater. 

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