N‐Type thermoelectrics typically consist of small molecule dopant+polymer host. Only a few polymer dopant+polymer host systems have been reported, and these have lower thermoelectric parameters. N‐type polymers with high crystallinity and order are generally used for high‐conductivity (
N‐Type thermoelectrics typically consist of small molecule dopant+polymer host. Only a few polymer dopant+polymer host systems have been reported, and these have lower thermoelectric parameters. N‐type polymers with high crystallinity and order are generally used for high‐conductivity (
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10415595
- Publisher / Repository:
- Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition
- Volume:
- 62
- Issue:
- 23
- ISSN:
- 1433-7851
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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Abstract ) organic conductors. Few n‐type polymers with only short‐range lamellar stacking for high‐conductivity materials have been reported. Here, we describe an n‐type short‐range lamellar‐stacked all‐polymer thermoelectric system with highest of 78 S−1, power factor ( PF ) of 163 μW m−1 K−2, and maximum Figure of merit (ZT ) of 0.53 at room temperature with a dopant/host ratio of 75 wt%. The minor effect of polymer dopant on the molecular arrangement of conjugated polymer PDPIN at high ratios, high doping capability, high Seebeck coefficient (S ) absolute values relative to, and atypical decreased thermal conductivity ( ) with increased doping ratio contribute to the promising performance. -
Abstract The effects of nutrient pollution on coral reef ecosystems are multifaceted. Numerous experiments have sought to identify the physiological effects of nutrient enrichment on reef‐building corals, but the results have been variable and sensitive to choices of nutrient quantity, chemical composition and exposure duration.
To test the effects of chronic, ecologically relevant nutrient enrichment on coral growth and photophysiology, we conducted a 5‐week continuous dosing experiment on two Hawaiian coral species,
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P. acuta photochemical efficiency increased through time while a consistent response inP. compressa indicated acclimation to elevated nutrients within 5 weeks. Endosymbiont densities and total chlorophyll concentrations also increased proportionally with nutrient enrichment inP. acuta , but not inP. compressa , revealing contrasting patterns of host–symbiont acclimatization.The two species also exhibited contrasting effects of nutrient enrichment on skeletal growth. Calcification was enhanced at low nutrient enrichment (1 µM
) in P. acuta , but comparable to the control at higher concentrations, whereas calcification was reduced inP. compressa (30%–35%) above 3 µM. Stable isotope analysis revealed species‐specific nitrogen uptake dynamics in the coral–algal symbiosis. The endosymbionts of
P. acuta exhibited increased nitrogen uptake (decreased δ15N) and incorporation (19%–31% decrease in C:N ratios) across treatments. In contrast,P. compressa endosymbionts maintained constant δ15N values and low levels of nitrogen incorporation (9%–11% decrease in C:N ratios). The inability ofP. acuta to regulate endosymbiont nutrient uptake may indicate an emerging destabilization in the coral–algal symbiosis under nutrient enrichment that could compromise resistance to additional environmental stressors.Our results highlight species‐specific differences in the coral–algal symbiosis, which influence responses to chronic nutrient enrichment. These findings showcase how symbioses can vary among closely related taxa and underscore the importance of considering how life‐history traits modify species response to environmental change.
A free
Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article. -
Abstract Motivated by its potential use as a starting point for solving various cosmological constant problems, we study F‐theory compactified on the warped product
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