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1. Analysis of pain research literature through keyword Co-occurrence networks

   https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0000331  

   Ozek, Burcu; Lu, Zhenyuan; Pouromran, Fatemeh; Radhakrishnan, Srinivasan; Kamarthi, Sagar (September 2023, PLOS Digital Health)

   Feng, Mengling (Ed.)

   Pain is a significant public health problem as the number of individuals with a history of pain globally keeps growing. In response, many synergistic research areas have been coming together to address pain-related issues. This work reviews and analyzes a vast body of pain-related literature using the keyword co-occurrence network (KCN) methodology. In this method, a set of KCNs is constructed by treating keywords as nodes and the co-occurrence of keywords as links between the nodes. Since keywords represent the knowledge components of research articles, analysis of KCNs will reveal the knowledge structure and research trends in the literature. This study extracted and analyzed keywords from 264,560 pain-related research articles indexed in IEEE, PubMed, Engineering Village, and Web of Science published between 2002 and 2021. We observed rapid growth in pain literature in the last two decades: the number of articles has grown nearly threefold, and the number of keywords has grown by a factor of 7. We identified emerging and declining research trends in sensors/methods, biomedical, and treatment tracks. We also extracted the most frequently co-occurring keyword pairs and clusters to help researchers recognize the synergies among different pain-related topics. 

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2. Keyword expansion techniques for mining social movement data on social media

   https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-022-00343-9  

   Bozarth, Lia; Budak, Ceren (May 2022, EPJ Data Science)

   Abstract Political and social scientists have been relying extensively on keywords such as hashtags to mine social movement data from social media sites, particularly Twitter. Yet, prior work demonstrates that unrepresentative keyword sets can lead to flawed research conclusions. Numerous keyword expansion methods have been proposed to increase the comprehensiveness of keywords, but systematic evaluations of these methods have been lacking. Our paper fills this gap. We evaluate five diverse keyword expansion techniques (or pipelines) on five representative social movements across two distinct activity levels. Our results guide researchers who aim to use social media keyword searches to mine data. For instance, we show that word embedding-based methods significantly outperform other even more complex and newer approaches when movements are in normal activity periods. These methods are also less computationally intensive. More importantly, we also observe that no single pipeline can identify little more than half of all movement-related tweets when these movements are at their peak mobilization period offline. However, coverage can increase significantly when more than one pipeline is used. This is true even when the pipelines are selected at random. 

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3. Riker: Mining Rich Keyword Representations for Interpretable Product Question Answering

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3292500.3330985  

   Zhao, Jie; Guan, Ziyu; Sun, Huan (January 2019, Proceedings of the 25th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining)

   This work studies product question answering (PQA) which aims to answer product-related questions based on customer reviews. Most recent PQA approaches adopt end2end semantic matching methodologies, which map questions and answers to a latent vector space to measure their relevance. Such methods often achieve superior performance but it tends to be difficult to interpret why. On the other hand, simple keyword-based search methods exhibit natural interpretability through matched keywords, but often suffer from the lexical gap problem. In this work, we develop a new PQA framework (named Riker) that enjoys the benefits of both interpretability and effectiveness. Riker mines rich keyword representations of a question with two major components, internal word re-weighting and external word association, which predict the importance of each question word and associate the question with outside relevant keywords respectively, and can be jointly trained under weak supervision with large-scale QA pairs. The keyword representations from Riker can be directly used as input to a keyword-based search module, enabling the whole process to be effective while preserving good interpretability. We conduct extensive experiments using Amazon QA and review datasets from 5 different departments, and our results show that Riker substantially outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods in both synthetic settings and real user evaluations. In addition, we compare keyword representations from Riker and those from attention mechanisms popularly used for deep neural networks through case studies, showing that the former are more effective and interpretable. 

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4. PIEClass: Weakly-Supervised Text Classification with Prompting and Noise-Robust Iterative Ensemble Training

   https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.780  

   Zhang, Yunyi; Jiang, Minhao; Meng, Yu; Zhang, Yu; Han, Jiawei (January 2023, Association for Computational Linguistics)

   Weakly-supervised text classification trains a classifier using the label name of each target class as the only supervision, which largely reduces human annotation efforts. Most existing methods first use the label names as static keyword-based features to generate pseudo labels, which are then used for final classifier training. While reasonable, such a commonly adopted framework suffers from two limitations: (1) keywords can have different meanings in different contexts and some text may not have any keyword, so keyword matching can induce noisy and inadequate pseudo labels; (2) the errors made in the pseudo label generation stage will directly propagate to the classifier training stage without a chance of being corrected. In this paper, we propose a new method, PIEClass, consisting of two modules: (1) a pseudo label acquisition module that uses zero-shot prompting of pre-trained language models (PLM) to get pseudo labels based on contextualized text understanding beyond static keyword matching, and (2) a noise-robust iterative ensemble training module that iteratively trains classifiers and updates pseudo labels by utilizing two PLM fine-tuning methods that regularize each other. Extensive experiments show that PIEClass achieves overall better performance than existing strong baselines on seven benchmark datasets and even achieves similar performance to fully-supervised classifiers on sentiment classification tasks. 

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5. COVIDSeer : Extending the CORD-19 Dataset

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3395027.3419597  

   Rohatgi, S.; Karishma, Z.; Chhay, J.; Keesara, S.R.R.; Wu, J.; Caragea, C.; Giles, C.L. (September 2020, Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Document Engineering 2020)

   We develop an enhanced version of CORD-19 dataset released by the Allen Institute for AI. Tools in the SeerSuite project are used to exploit information in original articles not directly provided in the CORD-19 datasets. We add 728 new abstracts, 70,102 figures and 31,446 tables with captions that are not provided in the current data release. We also built a vertical search engine COVIDSeer based on the new dataset we created. COVIDSeer has a relatively simple architecture with features like keyword filtering, and similar paper recommendation. The goal was to provide a system and dataset that can help scientists better navigate through the literature concerning COVID-19. The enriched dataset can serve as a supplement to the existing dataset. The search engine, which offers keyphrase-enhanced search, will hopefully help biomedical and life science researchers, medical students, and the general public to more effectively explore coronavirus-related literature. The entire data set and the system will be made open source 

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