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Abstract The vast size of the Sun’s heliosphere, combined with sparse spacecraft measurements over that large domain, makes numerical modeling a critical tool to predict solar wind conditions where there are no measurements. This study models the solar wind propagation in 2D using the BATSRUS MHD solver to form the MSWIM2D data set of solar wind in the outer heliosphere. Representing the solar wind from 1 to 75 au in the ecliptic plane, a continuous model run from 1995–present has been performed. The results are available for free athttp://csem.engin.umich.edu/mswim2d/. The web interface extracts output at desired locations and times. In addition to solar wind ions, the model includes neutrals coming from the interstellar medium to reproduce the slowing of the solar wind in the outer heliosphere and to extend the utility of the model to larger radial distances. The inclusion of neutral hydrogen is critical to recreating the solar wind accurately outside of ∼4 au. The inner boundary is filled by interpolating and time-shifting in situ observations from L1 and STEREO spacecraft when available. Using multiple spacecraft provides a more accurate boundary condition than a single spacecraft with time shifting alone. Validations of MSWIM2D are performed using MAVEN and New Horizons observations. The results demonstrate the efficacy of this model to propagate the solar wind to large distances and obtain practical, useful solar wind predictions. For example, the rms error of solar wind speed prediction at Mars is only 66 km s−1and at Pluto is a mere 25 km s−1.
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A Mosaic of the Inner Heliosphere: Three Carrington Rotations During the Whole Heliosphere and Planetary Interactions Interval
Abstract The Whole Heliosphere and Planetary Interactions initiative was established to leverage relatively quiet intervals during solar minimum to better understand the interconnectedness of the various domains in the heliosphere. This study provides an expansive mosaic of observations spanning from the Sun, through interplanetary space, to the magnetospheric response and subsequent effects on the ionosphere‐thermosphere‐mesosphere (ITM) system. To accomplish this, a diverse set of observational datasets are utilized from 2019 July 26 to October 16 (i.e., over three Carrington rotations, CR2220, CR2221, and CR2222) with connections of these observations to the more focused studies submitted to this special issue. Particularly, this study focuses on two long‐lived coronal holes and their varying impact in sculpting the heliosphere and driving of the magnetospheric system. As a result, the evolution of coronal holes, impacts on the inner heliosphere solar wind, glimpses at mesoscale solar wind variability, magnetospheric response to these evolving solar wind drivers, and resulting ITM phenomena are captured to reveal the interconnectedness of this system‐of‐systems.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2002574
- PAR ID:
- 10423579
- Publisher / Repository:
- DOI PREFIX: 10.1029
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
- Volume:
- 128
- Issue:
- 6
- ISSN:
- 2169-9380
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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