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1. Influence of Communication Irregularities and Co-simulation on Hybrid Power System State Estimation

   https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571859  

   Svenda, Vanja G.; Stankovic, Alex M.; Saric, Andrija T.; Transtrum, Mark K. (December 2018, 018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe))

   The paper explores the effects of sensor behavior and communication system (CS) irregularities on power system state estimation (SE). CS are modeled in Network Simulator 2 (NS-2), allowing the quantification of irregularities, including delays and dropped packets. The overall information is obtained combining SCADA measurements with phasor measurement unit (PMU) derived data, where time stamping (based on GPS or an equivalent local clock) for all measurements is assumed. To fully analyze the effects of irregularities, a detailed analysis of sensitivities to different communication system parameters is provided as well. Using the co-simulation environment PiccSIM, a SE with these irregularities is quantified for CS parameter variation, with detailed models of power and communication flows. 

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2. Design of a Laboratory Scale Solar Microgrid Cyber-Physical System for Education

   https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10131562  

   Guo, Liping; Kors, Jason (July 2021, Electronics)

   null (Ed.)

   Renewable energy sources such as solar and wind provide an effective solution for reducing dependency on conventional power generation and increasing the reliability and quality of power systems. Presented in this paper are design and implementation of a laboratory scale solar microgrid cyber-physical system (CPS) with wireless data monitoring as a teaching tool in the engineering technology curriculum. In the system, the solar panel, battery, charge controller, and loads form the physical layer, while the sensors, communication networks, supervisory control and data acquisition systems (SCADA) and control systems form the cyber layer. The physical layer was seamlessly integrated with the cyber layer consisting of control and communication. The objective was to create a robust CPS platform and to use the system to promote interest in and knowledge of renewable energy among university students. Experimental results showed that the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) charge controller provided the loads with power from the solar panel and used additional power to charge the rechargeable battery. Through the system, students learned and mastered key concepts and knowledge of multi-disciplinary areas including data sampling and acquisition, analog to digital conversion, solar power, battery charging, control, embedded systems and software programing. It is a valuable teaching resource for students to study renewable energy in CPS. 

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3. Probabilistic Network Observability of a Hybrid Power System with Communication Irregularities

   https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS46351.2019.8999986  

   Svenda, Vanja G.; Stankovic, Alex M.; Saric, Andrija T.; Transtrum, Mark K. (October 2019, 2019 North American Power symposium)

   This paper explores power system network observability while taking into account realistic communication network behavior. The overall information is obtained by combining SCADA- and phasor measurement unit-derived data, where time stamping (based on Global Positioning System or an equivalent local clock) for all measurements is assumed. Based on simulations performed in communication Network Simulator 2, empirical cumulative distribution functions can be associated with transfer times of measurement packets, which will reflect communication parameters and irregularities. This is further used to form an algorithm which maximizes the number of successful network observability checks, and thus the number of possible state estimations, in a certain time period. Application is demonstrated on the IEEE 14-bus test power system example. 

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4. An Efficient and Reliable Electric Power Transmission Network Topology Processing

   MADURASINGHE, D; VENAYAGAMOORTHY, G K (November 2023, IEEE access)

   The modern bulk power system operation is complex and dynamic, with rapidly increasing inverter-based resources and active distribution systems. Therefore, high-speed monitoring is required to operate the power system reliably and efficiently. Transmission network topology processing (TNTP) is vital in power system control. Today’s TNTP is based on supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system monitoring of relay signals (SMRS). Due to the slow data communication rate, SMRS cannot efficiently support the modern bulk power system’s energy management system (EMS) functions. In this study, a physics-based hierarchical TNTP (H-TNTP) approach based solely on node voltages and branch currents measurements is proposed utilizing artificial intelligence algorithms. H-TNTP includes the identification of substation configuration. The reliability of the H-TNTP is guaranteed by the design with inherent verification. If required, H-TNTP is capable of operating concurrently with the TNTP-SMRS. A power system with solar photovoltaic (PV) plants is utilized as a test system to illustrate the proposed H-TNTP approach. Results indicate that H-TNTP is fast with synchrophasor measurements. Furthermore, to demonstrate the application of the reliable and fast TNTP approach in EMSs, fast automatic generation control (AGC) during contingencies is studied. Typical results show that fast reconfiguration of AGC modes and dispatch factors leads to better frequency regulation. 

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5. PV to Vehicle, PV to Grid, Vehicle to Grid, and Grid to Vehicle Micro Grid System Using Level Three Charging Station

   https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772041  

   Balal, Afshin; Giesselmann, Michael (March 2022, 2022 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech))

   This paper makes use of electric vehicles (EVs) that are simultaneously connected to the Photovoltaic Cells (PV) and the power grid. In micro-grids, batteries of the electric vehicles (EVs) used as a source of power to feed the power grid in the peak demands of electricity. EVs can help regulation of the power grid by storing excess solar energy and returning it to the grid during high demand hours. This paper proposes a new architecture of micro-grids by using a rooftop solar system, Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs), grid connected inverters, a boost converter, a bidirectional half-bridge converter, output filter, including L, LC, or LCL, and transformers. The main parts of this micro-grid are illustrated and modeled, as well as a simulation of their operation. In addition, simulation results explore the charging and discharging scenarios of the BEVs. 

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