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We performed dynamic pressure buckling experiments on defect-seeded spherical shells made of a common silicone elastomer. Unlike in quasi-static experiments, shells buckled at ostensibly subcritical pressures, i.e. below the experimentally determined critical load at which buckling occurs elastically, often following a significant delay period from the time of load application. While emphasizing the close connections to elastic shell buckling, we rely on viscoelasticity to explain our observations. In particular, we demonstrate that the lower critical load may be determined from the material properties, which is rationalized by a simple analogy to elastic spherical shell buckling. We then introduce a model centred on empirical quantities to show that viscoelastic creep deformation lowers the critical load in the same predictable, quantifiable way that a growing defect would in an elastic shell. This allows us to capture how both the deflection at instability and the time delay depend on the applied pressure, material properties and defect geometry. These quantities are straightforward to measure in experiments. Thus, our work not only provides intuition for viscoelastic behaviour from an elastic shell buckling perspective but also offers an accessible pathway to introduce tunable, time-controlled actuation to existing mechanical actuators, e.g. pneumatic grippers.
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Pseudo-bistability of viscoelastic shells
Viscoelastic shells subjected to a pressure loading exhibit rich and complex time-dependent responses. Here we focus on the phenomenon of pseudo-bistability, i.e. a viscoelastic shell can stay inverted when pressure is removed, and snap to its natural shape after a delay time. We model and explain the mechanism of pseudo-bistability with a viscoelastic shell model. It combines the small strain, moderate rotation shell theory with the standard linear solid as the viscoelastic constitutive law, and is applicable to shells with arbitrary axisymmetric shapes. As a case study, we investigate the pseudo-bistable behaviour of viscoelastic ellipsoidal shells. Using the proposed model, we successfully predict buckling of a viscoelastic ellipsoidal shell into its inverted configuration when subjected to an instantaneous pressure, creeping when the pressure is held, staying inverted after the pressure is removed, and eventually snapping back after a delay time. The stability transition of the shell from a monostable, temporarily bistable and eventually back to the monostable state is captured by examining the evolution of the instantaneous pressure–volume change relation at different time of the holding and releasing process. A systematic parametric study is conducted to investigate the effect of geometry, viscoelastic properties and loading history on the pseudo-bistable behaviour. This article is part of the theme issue 'Probing and dynamics of shock sensitive shells'.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2048219
- PAR ID:
- 10439540
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
- Volume:
- 381
- Issue:
- 2244
- ISSN:
- 1364-503X
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2022.0026
