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Title: Identifying High-energy Neutrino Transients by Neutrino Multiplet-triggered Follow-ups
Abstract Transient sources such as supernovae (SNe) and tidal disruption events are candidates of high-energy neutrino sources. However, SNe commonly occur in the universe and a chance coincidence of their detection with a neutrino signal cannot be avoided, which may lead to a challenge of claiming their association with neutrino emission. In order to overcome this difficulty, we propose a search for ∼10–100 TeV multiple neutrino events within a timescale of ∼30 days coming from the same direction, called neutrino multiplets. We show that demanding multiplet detection by a ∼1 km 3 neutrino telescope limits the distances of detectable neutrino sources, which enables us to identify source counterparts by multiwavelength observations owing to the substantially reduced rate of the chance coincidence detection of transients. We apply our results by constructing a feasible strategy for optical follow-up observations and demonstrate that wide-field optical telescopes with a ≳4 m dish should be capable of identifying a transient associated with a neutrino multiplet. We also present the resultant sensitivity of multiplet neutrino detection as a function of the released energy of neutrinos and burst rate density. A model of neutrino transient sources with an emission energy greater than a few × 10 51 erg and a burst rate rarer than a few ×10 −8 Mpc −3 yr −1 is constrained by the null detection of multiplets by a ∼1 km 3 scale neutrino telescope. This already disfavors the canonical high-luminosity gamma-ray bursts and jetted tidal disruption events as major sources in the TeV-energy neutrino sky.  more » « less
Award ID(s):
2108467 2108466 1908689
PAR ID:
10446765
Author(s) / Creator(s):
; ; ; ;
Date Published:
Journal Name:
The Astrophysical Journal
Volume:
937
Issue:
2
ISSN:
0004-637X
Page Range / eLocation ID:
108
Format(s):
Medium: X
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
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