Alkaline anion exchange membranes (AAEMs) are an important component of alkaline exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs), which facilitate the efficient conversion of fuels to electricity using nonplatinum electrode catalysts. However, low hydroxide conductivity and poor long-term alkaline stability of AAEMs are the major limitations for the widespread application of AEMFCs. In this paper, we report the synthesis of highly conductive and chemically stable AAEMs from the living polymerization of
Linear polyphosphonates with the generic formula –[P(Ph)(X)OR′O]n– (X = S or Se) have been synthesized by polycondensations of P(Ph)(NEt2)2and a diol (HOR′OH = 1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4‐benzenedimethanol, tetraethylene glycol, or 1,12‐dodecanediol) followed by reaction with a chalcogen. Random copolymers have been synthesized by polycondensations of P(Ph)(NEt2)2and mixture of two of the diols in a 2:1:1 mol ratio followed by reaction with a chalcogen. Block copolymers with the generic formula –[P(Ph)(X)OR′O](x + 2)–[P(Ph)(X)OR′O](x + 3)– (X = S or Se) have been synthesized by the polycondensations of Et2N[P(Ph)(X)OR′O](x + 2)P(Ph)NEt2oligomers with HOR′O[P(Ph)(X)OR′O](x + 3)H oligomers followed by reaction with a chalcogen. The Et2N[P(Ph)(X)OR′O](x + 2)P(Ph)NEt2oligomers are prepared by the reaction of an excess of P(Ph)(NEt2)2with a diol while the HOR′O[P(Ph)(X)OR′O](x + 3)H oligomers are prepared by the reaction of P(Ph)(NEt2)2with an excess of the diol. In each case the excess, x is the same and determines the average block sizes. All of the polymers were characterized using1H,13C{1H}, and31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy, TGA, DSC, and SEC.31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy demonstrates that the random and block copolymers have the expected arrangements of monomers and, in the case of block copolymers, verifies the block sizes. All polymers are thermally stable up to ~300°C, and the arrangements of monomers in the copolymers (block vs. random) affect their degradation temperatures and
- Award ID(s):
- 1632881
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10451014
- Publisher / Repository:
- Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Polymer Science
- Volume:
- 58
- Issue:
- 13
- ISSN:
- 2642-4150
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- p. 1825-1842
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
More Like this
-
more » « less
trans -cyclooctenes. Atrans -cyclooctene–fused imidazolium monomer was designed and synthesized on gram scale. Using these highly ring-strained monomers, we produced a range of block and random copolymers. Surprisingly, AAEMs made from the random copolymer exhibited much higher conductivities than their block copolymer analogs. Investigation by transmission electron microscopy showed that the block copolymers had a disordered microphase segregation which likely impeded ion conduction. A cross-linked random copolymer demonstrated a high level of hydroxide conductivity (134 mS/cm at 80 °C). More importantly, the membranes exhibited excellent chemical stability due to the incorporation of highly alkaline-stable multisubstituted imidazolium cations. No chemical degradation was detected by1H NMR spectroscopy when the polymers were treated with 2 M KOH in CD3OH at 80 °C for 30 d. -
more » « less
ABSTRACT Polymers with multiple tunable responses were achieved by incorporating boronic acid functionality along the backbone of a thermoresponsive polymer. The inherent Lewis acidity and diol‐sensitivity of boronic acid moieties allowed these polymers to respond to changes in pH and glucose concentration. Through reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer copolymerization of boronic acid‐containing monomers with
N ‐isopropylacrylamide, well‐defined block copolymers were synthesized containing a hydrophilicN ,N ‐dimethylacrylamide block and a second, responsive block with temperature‐dependent water solubility, making the resulting polymers capable of self‐assembly into nanostructures upon heating. By incorporating boronic acids within the thermoresponsive block, the cloud point of the polymer depended on the solution conditions, including pH and diol concentration, allowing tunable cloud point ranges. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.2017 ,55 , 2309–2317 -
null (Ed.)Reaction of LiOC t Bu 2 Ph with TlPF 6 forms the dimeric Tl 2 (OC t Bu 2 Ph) 2 complex, a rare example of a homoleptic thallium alkoxide complex demonstrating formally two-coordinate metal centers. Characterization of Tl 2 (OC t Bu 2 Ph) 2 by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography reveals the presence of two isomers differing by the mutual conformation of the alkoxide ligands, and by the planarity of the central Tl–O–Tl–O plane. Tl 2 (OC t Bu 2 Ph) 2 serves as a convenient precursor to the formation of old and new [M(OC t Bu 2 Ph) n ] complexes (M = Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn), including a rare example of T-shaped Zn(OC t Bu 2 Ph) 2 (THF) complex, which could not be previously synthesized using more conventional LiOR/HOR precursors. The reaction of [Ru(cymene)Cl 2 ] 2 with Tl 2 (OC t Bu 2 Ph) 2 results in the formation of a ruthenium( ii ) alkoxide complex. For ruthenium, the initial coordination of the alkoxide triggers C–H activation at the ortho -H of [OC t Bu 2 Ph] which results in its bidentate coordination. In addition to Tl 2 (OC t Bu 2 Ph) 2 , related Tl 2 (OC t Bu 2 (3,5-Me 2 C 6 H 3 )) 2 was also synthesized, characterized, and shown to exhibit similar reactivity with iron and ruthenium precursors. Synthetic, structural, and spectroscopic characterizations are presented.more » « less
-
more » « less
Abstract A low‐spin and mononuclear vanadium complex, (Menacnac)V(CO)(η2‐P≡C
t Bu) (2 ) (Menacnac−=[ArNC(CH3)]2CH, Ar=2,6‐i Pr2C6H3), was prepared upon treatment of the vanadium neopentylidyne complex (Menacnac)V≡Ct Bu(OTf) (1 ) with Na(OCP)(diox)2.5(diox=1,4‐dioxane), while the isoelectronic ate‐complex [Na(15‐crown‐5)]{([ArNC(CH2)]CH[C(CH3)NAr])V(CO)(η2‐P≡Ct Bu)} (4 ), was obtained via the reaction of Na(OCP)(diox)2.5and ([ArNC(CH2)]CH[C(CH3)NAr])V≡Ct Bu(OEt2) (3 ) in the presence of crown‐ether. Computational studies suggest that the P‐atom transfer proceeds by [2+2]‐cycloaddition of the P≡C bond across the V≡Ct Bu moiety, followed by a reductive decarbonylation to form the V−C≡O linkage. The nature of the electronic ground state in diamagnetic complexes,2 and4 , was further investigated both theoretically and experimentally, using a combination of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, UV/Vis and NMR spectroscopies, cyclic voltammetry, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements, and comparison of salient bond metrics derived from X‐ray single‐crystal structural characterization. In combination, these data are consistent with a low‐valent vanadium ion in complexes2 and4 . This study represents the first example of a metathesis reaction between the P‐atom of [PCO]−and an alkylidyne ligand. -
more » « less
Abstract A low‐spin and mononuclear vanadium complex, (Menacnac)V(CO)(η2‐P≡C
t Bu) (2 ) (Menacnac−=[ArNC(CH3)]2CH, Ar=2,6‐i Pr2C6H3), was prepared upon treatment of the vanadium neopentylidyne complex (Menacnac)V≡Ct Bu(OTf) (1 ) with Na(OCP)(diox)2.5(diox=1,4‐dioxane), while the isoelectronic ate‐complex [Na(15‐crown‐5)]{([ArNC(CH2)]CH[C(CH3)NAr])V(CO)(η2‐P≡Ct Bu)} (4 ), was obtained via the reaction of Na(OCP)(diox)2.5and ([ArNC(CH2)]CH[C(CH3)NAr])V≡Ct Bu(OEt2) (3 ) in the presence of crown‐ether. Computational studies suggest that the P‐atom transfer proceeds by [2+2]‐cycloaddition of the P≡C bond across the V≡Ct Bu moiety, followed by a reductive decarbonylation to form the V−C≡O linkage. The nature of the electronic ground state in diamagnetic complexes,2 and4 , was further investigated both theoretically and experimentally, using a combination of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, UV/Vis and NMR spectroscopies, cyclic voltammetry, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements, and comparison of salient bond metrics derived from X‐ray single‐crystal structural characterization. In combination, these data are consistent with a low‐valent vanadium ion in complexes2 and4 . This study represents the first example of a metathesis reaction between the P‐atom of [PCO]−and an alkylidyne ligand.
