skip to main content
US FlagAn official website of the United States government
dot gov icon
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
https lock icon
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( lock ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Explore Research Products in the PAR
It may take a few hours for recently added research products to appear in PAR search results.


  • NSF Public Access
  • Search Results
  • Observational Evidence for Two Modes of Coupling Between Sea Surface Temperatures, Tropospheric Temperature Profile, and Shortwave Cloud Radiative Effect in the Tropics
Title: Observational Evidence for Two Modes of Coupling Between Sea Surface Temperatures, Tropospheric Temperature Profile, and Shortwave Cloud Radiative Effect in the Tropics
Abstract Tropical average shortwave cloud radiative effect (SWCRE) anomalies observed by CERES/EBAF v4 are explained by observed average sea surface temperature () and the difference between the warmest 30% where deep convection occurs and). Observed tropospheric temperatures show variations in boundary layer capping strength over time consistent with the evolution of SST#. The CERES/EBAF v4 data confirm that associated cloud fraction changes over the colder waters dominate SWCRE. This observational evidence for the “pattern effect” noted in General Circulation Model simulations suggests that SST#captures much of this effect. The observed sensitivities (dSWCRE/dW·m−2·K−1, dSWCRE/dSST#≈−4.8W·m−2·K−1) largely reflect El Niño–Southern Oscillation. As El Niño develops,increases and SST#decreases (both increasing SWCRE). Only after the El Niño peak, SST#increases and SWCRE decreases. SST#is also relevant for the tropical temperature trend profile controversy and the discrepancy between observed and modeled equatorial Pacific SST trends. Causality and implications for future climates are discussed.  more » « less
Award ID(s):
1743753
PAR ID:
10453805
Author(s) / Creator(s):
 
Publisher / Repository:
DOI PREFIX: 10.1029
Date Published:
Journal Name:
Geophysical Research Letters
Volume:
46
Issue:
16
ISSN:
0094-8276
Page Range / eLocation ID:
p. 9890-9898
Format(s):
Medium: X
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
More Like this
  1. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; et al (, Angewandte Chemie International Edition)
    Abstract N‐Type thermoelectrics typically consist of small molecule dopant+polymer host. Only a few polymer dopant+polymer host systems have been reported, and these have lower thermoelectric parameters. N‐type polymers with high crystallinity and order are generally used for high‐conductivity () organic conductors. Few n‐type polymers with only short‐range lamellar stacking for high‐conductivity materials have been reported. Here, we describe an n‐type short‐range lamellar‐stacked all‐polymer thermoelectric system with highestof 78 S−1, power factor (PF) of 163 μW m−1 K−2, and maximum Figure of merit (ZT) of 0.53 at room temperature with a dopant/host ratio of 75 wt%. The minor effect of polymer dopant on the molecular arrangement of conjugated polymer PDPIN at high ratios, high doping capability, high Seebeck coefficient (S) absolute values relative to, and atypical decreased thermal conductivity () with increased doping ratio contribute to the promising performance. 
    more » « less
  2. ; ; ; ; ; (, Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology)
    Abstract We explore the response of northeastern Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) to deglacial (16–7 ka) climate variability as recorded in‐based SST reconstructions spanning 65°N to 10°S. Included in the analysis is a new 23 kyr SST record from core NH8P from the northwest Mexican Margin. We isolate spatiotemporal patterns in regional SSTs with trend empirical orthogonal function (TEOF) analysis. The dominant TEOF mode reflects deglacial warming associated with rising. Tropical and subtropical SSTs correlated most strongly with this mode, suggesting that the thermodynamic response of the tropical eastern Pacific to greenhouse gas forcing was the dominant driver of regional SST change during deglaciation. The second TEOF mode reflects millennial‐scale variability and is most strongly expressed in subpolar SSTs. The synchronous timing between North Pacific and North Atlantic SST oscillations is evidence for the rapid transmission of millennial‐scale climate perturbations between the basins, likely through an atmospheric teleconnection. SSTs at NH8P have no correlation with either leading TEOF mode as there is minimal change in SST at this site after20 ka. A model simulation of the LGM indicates that glacial cooling was muted in much of the Eastern Pacific Warm Pool (EPWP), in which NH8P lies, due to reductions in latent heat flux. This suggests that the wind‐evaporation‐SST feedback was responsible for the attenuation of EPWP cooling. Overall, this study highlights the distinct latitudinal trends in the Pacific's response to deglaciation. 
    more » « less
  3. ; (, Journal of Combinatorial Designs)
    Abstract In this paper, we are interested in the following question: given an arbitrary Steiner triple systemonvertices and any 3‐uniform hypertreeonvertices, is it necessary thatcontainsas a subgraph provided? We show the answer is positive for a class of hypertrees and conjecture that the answer is always positive. 
    more » « less
  4. ; ; ; ; ; (, Advanced Physics Research)
    Abstract Raman scattering is performed on Fe3GeTe2(FGT) at temperatures from 8 to 300 K and under pressures from the ambient pressure to 9.43 GPa. Temperature‐dependent and pressure‐dependent Raman spectra are reported. The results reveal respective anomalous softening and moderate stiffening of the two Raman active modes as a result of the increase of pressure. The anomalous softening suggests anharmonic phonon dynamics and strong spin–phonon coupling. Pressure‐dependent density functional theory and phonon calculations are conducted and used to study the magnetic properties of FGT and assign the observed Raman modes,and. The calculations proved the strong spin–phonon coupling for themode. In addition, a synergistic interplay of pressure‐induced reduction of spin exchange interactions and spin–orbit coupling effect accounts for the softening of themode as pressure increases. 
    more » « less
  5. ; ; ; (, Geophysical Research Letters)
    Abstract Mesoscale convection generates the majority of extreme precipitation in tropical regions. Changes to these precipitation intensities,P, with long‐term modes of climate variability have been hard to assess because they are not well represented in current climate models. Here we stratify a satellite climatology of convective systems by El Niño phase and cloud top temperature. We find that gains (losses) in high precipitation intensity ( 10 mm hr−1) are largest for the deepest (least deep) systems during El Niño relative to La Niña. The surface temperature and wind changes that define El Niño manifest as surface flux changes but are not sufficient to explain thesetrends. We explore also the dynamical component of precipitation generation with a vertical momentum budget. Midtropospheric drying in the vicinity of the deepest systems boosts instability and ascent rates during El Niño, while the strengthened large‐scale ascent minimizes the drag force on their updrafts. 
    more » « less
  • Citation Formats
  • MLA
  • APA
  • Chicago
  • BibTeX
  • Save / Share this Record
  • Send to Email