Abstract We present a study of the orbital light curves of the recurrent nova IM Normae since its 2002 outburst. The broad “eclipses” recur with a 2.46 hr period, which increases on a timescale of 1.28(16) × 106yr. Under the assumption of conservative mass transfer, this suggests a rate near 10−7M⊙yr−1, and this agrees with the estimatedaccretionrate of the postnova, based on our estimate of luminosity. IM Nor appears to be a close match to the famous recurrent nova T Pyxidis. Both stars appear to have very high accretion rates, sufficient to drive the recurrent-nova events. Both have quiescent light curves, which suggest strong heating of the low-mass secondary, and very wide orbital minima, which suggest obscuration of a large “corona” around the primary. And both have very rapid orbital period increases, as expected from a short-period binary with high mass transfer from the low-mass component. These two stars may represent a final stage of nova—and cataclysmic variable—evolution, in which irradiation-driven winds drive a high rate of mass transfer, thereby evaporating the donor star in a paroxysm of nova outbursts.
more »
« less
A study of the long-term activity of five intermediate polars with accretion discs
ABSTRACT Intermediate polars (IPs) are cataclysmic variables with mildly magnetized white dwarfs (WDs). This analysis of the long-term optical activity of five examples of IPs with accretion discs used data from the Catalina Real-time Transient Survey, Digital Access to a Sky Century @ Harvard (DASCH) and the American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO). It is shown that each of these IPs had their most preferred value of absolute magnitude Mopt, even if it significantly varied on the superorbital time-scale. The values of Mopt of these IPs were in the zone of thermal-viscous instability (TVI) of the disc most of the time. The properties of a series of outbursts of V426 Oph can be explained by an intermittently operating TVI. The activity of TV Col and DW Cnc is interpreted as caused by a gradually variable mass inflow rate from the secondary to a cool disc. The mass transfer rate from the secondary varied on a well-determined time-scale. It is shown that Mopt of EI UMa, close to the peaks of outbursts of non-magnetic dwarf novae, fluctuated on the time-scale of days; it also produced short flares, ascribed to the bursts of matter from the donor. HY Leo, with a presumably cool disc, fluctuated between its high and low states. A temporary brightening from an extended low state is ascribed to a short, intense burst of matter from the donor to the remaining cool disc or torus.
more »
« less
- Award ID(s):
- 1910561
- PAR ID:
- 10461760
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Volume:
- 505
- Issue:
- 1
- ISSN:
- 0035-8711
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 161 to 171
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
More Like this
-
-
ABSTRACT We investigate the time-varying electromagnetic emission of a low-mass-ratio supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) embedded in a circumprimary disc, with a particular interest in variability of shocks driven by the binary. We perform a 2D, locally isothermal hydrodynamics simulation of an SMBHB with mass ratio q = 0.01 and separation a = 100 Rg, using a physically self-consistent steady disc model. We estimate the electromagnetic variability from the system by monitoring accretion on to the secondary and using an artificial viscosity scheme to capture shocks and monitor the energy dissipated. The SMBHB produces a wide, eccentric gap in the disc, previously only observed for larger mass ratios, which we attribute to our disc model being much thinner (H/R ≈ 0.01 near the secondary) than is typical of previous works. The eccentric gap drives periodic accretion on to the secondary SMBH on a time-scale matching the orbital period of the binary, $$t_{\rm {bin}}\approx 0.1\,\,\rm {yr}$$, implying that the variable accretion regime of the SMBHB parameter space extends to lower mass ratios than previously established. Shocks driven by the binary are periodic, with a period matching the orbital period, and the shocks are correlated with the accretion rate, with peaks in the shock luminosity lagging peaks in the accretion rate by 0.43 tbin. We propose that the correlation of these quantities represents a useful identifier of SMBHB candidates, via observations of correlated variability in X-ray and ultraviolet monitoring of active galactic nuclei, rather than single-waveband periodicity alone.more » « less
-
Abstract We report the discovery of 1RXH J082623.6−505741, a 10.4 hr orbital period compact binary. Modeling extensive optical photometry and spectroscopy reveals a ∼0.4M⊙K-type secondary transferring mass through a low-state accretion disk to a nonmagnetic ∼0.8M⊙white dwarf. The secondary is overluminous for its mass and dominates the optical spectra at all epochs and must be evolved to fill its Roche Lobe at this orbital period. The X-ray luminosityLX∼ 1–2 × 1032erg s−1derived from both new XMM-Newton and archival observations, although high compared to most CVs, still only requires a modest accretion rate onto the white dwarf of ∼ 3 × 10−11to 3 × 10−10M⊙yr−1, lower than expected for a cataclysmic variable with an evolved secondary. No dwarf nova outbursts have yet been observed from the system, consistent with the low derived mass-transfer rate. Several other cataclysmic variables with similar orbital periods also show unexpectedly low mass-transfer rates, even though selection effects disfavor the discovery of binaries with these properties. This suggests the abundance and evolutionary state of long-period, low mass-transfer rate cataclysmic variables are worthy of additional attention.more » « less
-
ABSTRACT We present the results of a multiwavelength follow-up campaign for the luminous nuclear transient Gaia16aax, which was first identified in 2016 January. The transient is spatially consistent with the nucleus of an active galaxy at z = 0.25, hosting a black hole of mass $${\sim }6\times 10^8\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$$. The nucleus brightened by more than 1 mag in the Gaia G band over a time-scale of less than 1 yr, before fading back to its pre-outburst state over the following 3 yr. The optical spectra of the source show broad Balmer lines similar to the ones present in a pre-outburst spectrum. During the outburst, the H α and H β emission lines develop a secondary peak. We also report on the discovery of two transients with similar light-curve evolution and spectra: Gaia16aka and Gaia16ajq. We consider possible scenarios to explain the observed outbursts. We exclude that the transient event could be caused by a microlensing event, variable dust absorption or a tidal encounter between a neutron star and a stellar mass black hole in the accretion disc. We consider variability in the accretion flow in the inner part of the disc, or a tidal disruption event of a star $${\ge } 1 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$$ by a rapidly spinning supermassive black hole as the most plausible scenarios. We note that the similarity between the light curves of the three Gaia transients may be a function of the Gaia alerts selection criteria.more » « less
-
ABSTRACT The bright and understudied classical Be star HD 6226 has exhibited multiple outbursts in the last several years during which the star grew a viscous decretion disc. We analyse 659 optical spectra of the system collected from 2017 to 2020, along with a ultraviolet spectrum from the Hubble Space Telescope and high cadence photometry from both Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT) survey. We find that the star has a spectral type of B2.5IIIe, with a rotation rate of 74 per cent of critical. The star is nearly pole-on with an inclination of 13$${_{.}^{\circ}}$$4. We confirm the spectroscopic pulsational properties previously reported, and report on three photometric oscillations from KELT photometry. The outbursting behaviour is studied with equivalent width measurements of H α and H β, and the variations in both of these can be quantitatively explained with two frequencies through a Fourier analysis. One of the frequencies for the emission outbursts is equal to the difference between two photometric oscillations, linking these pulsation modes to the mass ejection mechanism for some outbursts. During the TESS observation time period of 2019 October 7 to 2019 November 2, the star was building a disc. With a large data set of H α and H β spectroscopy, we are able to determine the time-scales of dissipation in both of these lines, similar to past work on Be stars that has been done with optical photometry. HD 6226 is an ideal target with which to study the Be disc-evolution given its apparent periodic nature, allowing for targeted observations with other facilities in the future.more » « less
An official website of the United States government

